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Montagues and Capulets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Montagues and CapuletsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007)This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (June 2007)Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (August 2008)Montagues and Capulets also known as Dance of the Knights is a score composed by Sergei Prokofiev. It is from Act I, Scene 2 of the ballet Romeo and Juliet.A dark and atmospheric piece, it has become a de facto signature tune for the Soviet era, and is used as the soundtrack for numerous dramas,mercurial nike, documentaries and adverts that have Soviet subject matter.[edit] In popular cultureIt was used as the background music in a popular 1990s French commercial for Chanel's Egoiste fragrance, and it was the competition music for the Canadian television mockumentary Kenny vs. Spenny.The piece has also been used as the theme for the English football club Sunderland who play at the Stadium of Light in order to evoke a stirring mood before kick-off and to trouble the nerves of visiting opponents. Since the stadium opened in 1997, Dance of the Knights is played, in full, before the teams walk out onto the pitch before the game. Porto come out to the piece at home European matches.It is the theme of the character Nox Decious in Stupid Mario Brothers, a popular series on YouTube.The use of the piece in this context saw interest in Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet rise sharply in the North-East of England toward the end of the 1990s.[citation needed]Furthermore,nike dunk, this composition is used as title music for the movie Caligula.The German technical death metal band Necrophagist uses a portion of this piece at the end of their song "Only Ash Remains". It is also used in the song "Lords of Bedlam" by the Austrian symphonic death metal band Hollenthon. The Smiths would also famously come on stage to the piece.In the 1980s, the score was used as theme music for the BBC children's television series God's Wonderful Railway, set in the opening credits to marching,air jordan, heavy steam locomotives.In the Commodore 64 computer game Sanxion this piece is played during the game menu.In the Amiga 500 version of computer game Horror Zombies from the Crypt this piece is played during the game introduction.This piece can also be heard playing during the ballet theatre sequences of the 1994 Atom Egoyan film Exotica.Blood Axis uses this piece in the song "Reign I Forever" off The Gospel of Inhumanity album.A sped-up version of the score is used as the main theme and the opening music for Sir Alan Sugar's BBC series The Apprentice since 2005.Cassetteboy sampled clips of Sir Alan Sugar from The Apprentice saying "bloody" to the tune of this score.English rock band Muse opened their shows at Wembley Stadium with the score on 16 and 17 June 2007. This version appears as the intro to their live album,nike mercurial, HAARP.MC Life of Phi Life Cypher has sampled this song in a track "Time Crisis" on his 2003 album Everyday Life.In 2009,air jordan, the rock band Deep Purple is using a rendition of this score as the introductory tune to their live concerts.Symphonic metal band Epica performed an adaptation of the piece with an orchestra at the Miskolc Opera Festival 2009The song 'Got One Life' by the drum and bass band, Qemists (feat. Navigator), mixes Montagues and Capulets into the background.A version of this song is played through a dog-shaped speaker in a series of 2009 Softbank advertisements featuring Quentin Tarantino.This piece was also used in the UK as the title theme on Channel 4's NFL American Football show in the 1980's.[edit] External linksListen to the Dance of the Knightsv ? d ? eBalletGeneral informationHistory of ballet ・  Ballet timeline ・  Glossary of ballet ・  List of ballets ・  Ballet music ・  Ballet company ・  Ballet PortalBallet by genreClassical ballet ・  Contemporary ballet ・  Neoclassical ballet ・  Character danceBallet by regionBritish ballet ・  French ballet ・  Italian ballet ・  Russian balletBallet techniqueBalanchine method ・  Cecchetti method ・  Vaganova method ・  En pointe ・  Royal Academy of DanceBallet apparelBallet shoes ・  Pointe shoes ・  TutuRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagues_and_Capulets"Categories: Ballets by Sergei Prokofiev | Sunderland A.F.C.Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Articles needing cleanup from June 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | Articles with trivia sections from August 2008 | All articles with trivia sections | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesSvenska This page was last modified on 14 June 2010 at 22:22.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers

Chicane (recording artist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chicane (recording artist)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchFor other uses, see Chicane (disambiguation).This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (May 2009)ChicaneBirth nameNicholas BracegirdleAlso known asChicaneBorn28 February 1971 (1971-02-28) (age 39)Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, EnglandOriginLondon, EnglandGenresHouseTranceBalearic beatAmbientChilloutElectronicaOccupationsElectronic musician, Composer, Record producer, Song writer, remixer,Instrumentssynthesizer, piano, classical guitarYears activeSince 1996LabelsModena Records Ltd. (UK),Enzo Recordings (UK),Armada Music (NL),Ultra Records (US),Central Station (AU)Associated actsDisco Citizens, Mr. Joshua Presents Espiritu, Rebel Transcanner, SitvacWebsitewww.chicanemusic.comChicane (born 28 February 1971, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire[1]) is a British electronic dance music act,nike jordan, and the guise of British musician, composer and record producer, Nicholas Bracegirdle.Chicane is known for the singles "Offshore", an Ibiza dance anthem included in many compilations in both chill-out and dance versions; "Saltwater", which featured vocals by Clannad member Máire Brennan and is one of the most well-known and popular singles of the trance genre; and the UK number-one hit Don't Give Up", featuring vocals by Bryan Adams, which became a top ten hit on singles charts across Europe and Australia.Far From The Maddening Crowds, Chicane's debut album, is still considered a seminal release among the trance music community,[2] while the second album, Behind The Sun, was certified gold in the UK. In 2007, after the hindrance of an ultimately unreleased album in the intervening time, 3rd artist album Somersault, was released on Bracegirdle's independent record label, followed shortly after by a re-release of Far From The Maddening Crowds which included a new mix of "Offshore (Offshore 2007)".In addition, Bracegirdle also worked under the aliases Disco Citizens, producing a handful of less radio-friendly, vocal-less tracks with a stronger progressive house sound. Working with singer Vanessa St. James and producer Mr. Joshua, Bracegirdle was part of the Mr. Joshua Presents Espiritu project, known for the song "In Praise of the Sun", released with both English and French vocals. Nick has also gone by the name "Rebel Transcanner" to produce a remix of Tomski's "14 Hours To Save The Earth." Nick Bracegirdle has also used the alias Sitvac to produce a one-time single, "Wishful Thinking."Contents1 Biography1.1 The beginning1.2 "Offshore" and initial success1.3 Collaborations and more hits1.4 Difficulties1.5 A return1.6 20071.7 20081.8 20091.9 20102 Discography3 Music3.1 Style3.2 Live4 Notes and references5 External links[edit] Biography[edit] The beginningWhile having trained in classical guitar and piano at an early age, Bracegirdle's earliest influences in electronic music came from melodic composers such as Jean Michel Jarre and Vangelis, and synthpop pioneer Vince Clarke;[3] a further influence was the dance hit "Anthem" by the house music group N-Joi. all this convinced him to pursue the creation of melodic dance music, and by the age of 12 he was making music in recording studios and sending demos to record labels.[4][edit] "Offshore" and initial successEventually, Bracegirdle founded his own record label, Modena Records, which holds the rights to all his songs and licenses them to other labels for release and distribution. A partnership with Leo Elstob produced the first Disco Citizens single, "Right Here Right Now", in 1995, as well as the first Chicane single, "Offshore", in 1996. "Offshore" would be the first of Chicane's many releases on edel UK Records and independent UK dance music record label Xtravaganza Recordings, then-newly founded by DJ and Bracegirdle's college friend Alex Gold.[5] It reached #12 on the UK Singles Chart (and #1 on other UK-based charts compiled by Mixmag, Record Mirror, and others),[6] the top 40 in multiple European countries,[7] and #5 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts in 1997 upon re-release.[8] Its inclusion on numerous Ibiza-themed trance music compilation albums[9] (such as Café del Mar) attest to its popularity in the nightclubs on the island, one of the worldwide epicenters of dance music."Sunstroke", the follow-up single, attained similar popularity and chart numbers. A third single, "Offshore '97" (a separate item from the re-release of "Offshore") was actually a mashup of "Offshore" with the vocal track from the Power Circle song "A Little Love, a Little Life", mixed by producer and DJ Anthony Pappa. Originally a bootleg, it was turned into an official release, credited to "Chicane with Power Circle".[6]Following these releases, the first Chicane album, Far from the Maddening Crowds, which included new songs and multiple versions of the previously-released singles, was released in September 1997. Additional singles that followed were "Lost You Somewhere", the Benelux release "Red Skies", and the non-album single "Strong in Love", for which Bracegirdle used vocals by British singer Sylvia Mason-James (after discovering that she was the vocalist on the Paul Oakenfold/Steve Osborne remix of "Lemon" by U2)[5] and first collaborated on production with Ray "Madman" Hedges (producer for B*Witched and Boyzone).[edit] Collaborations and more hits1999 saw the release of "Saltwater", a song based on Máire Brennan's vocals from "Theme from Harry's Game" by the Celtic band Clannad. This song was also used on one of the Belfast City advertisements broadcast in 2005�2006 across regional channels. The version of the vocals used in "Saltwater", however, was a new recording by Brennan herself. It surpassed all previous Chicane singles, reaching #6 on the UK charts and #1 on all five major UK dance charts.[7]After producing a radio remix of Bryan Adams's "Cloud Number Nine", Bracegirdle offered Adams the vocal position on the song "Don't Give Up". The vocals Adams recorded were subsequently heavily processed through a vocoder so as to play down his rock music vocal style; in fact, the vocal credit was initially not publicized when the single was sent to Pete Tong's BBC Radio 1 program Essential Selection.[10] On the show, Tong made the song his first "Essential New Tune" selection of the new millennium.[11] It was also Chicane's biggest hit, debuting at #1 on the UK charts (and notably replacing "American Pie", Madonna's #1 single of the previous week),[12] reached #3 on the US dance chart and #1 on Australian and Russian charts, and made other charts across Europe as well.[7]The subsequent album Behind the Sun was certified gold by the BPI, while "Don't Give Up" was certified silver.[13] Two other singles were released off the album―the double A-side Halcyon / No Ordinary Morning, and a dramatically remixed version of "Autumn Tactics"―but neither was as successful as the preceding releases.In 2002, Bracegirdle co-wrote two songs on Cher's album Living Proof, "You Take It All" and "Alive Again", the latter which was released as a single in Europe only. The 2001 Edition of the EA Sports Formula One Video Game Series included the songs "Sunstroke", "The Drive Home", and a remix of "Nagasaki Badger".[edit] DifficultiesFor the next two years, Bracegirdle became engaged in a lawsuit with Xtravaganza, which ended in Chicane's departure from the label and its signing with WEA for the release of a third album, Easy to Assemble.[14] Originally scheduled for 2003, the album's release was preceded by the lead single "Love on the Run", followed by a promotional single, "Locking Down". After promotional copies of the album were distributed, however, Easy to Assemble was not commercially released as expected―though over the following year, the official Chicane website was periodically updated with messages announcing further delays towards a still-expected release.[15]More recently, biographies, interviews, and publicity have stated that the album's release was outright prevented due to an Internet leak and bootlegging of the promotional album.[16][17][18] It was also revealed that Bracegirdle had left Warner following its 2003 sale to Edgar Bronfman, Jr. and was planning an independent release at the time.[19][edit] A return"Chicane feat. Tom Jones � Stoned in Love (12" mix)" (2006)Sample of "Stoned in Love".Problems listening to this file? See media help.Eventually, April 2006 saw the release of a new single, "Stoned in Love", on Globe Records through Universal Music Group, featuring singer Tom Jones on vocals. (Press Release). At the time of the announcement the song was also played twice by Pete Tong.[20][21]The track received substantial UK TV promotion in the run up to the week of release, featuring utterly live performances on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, The New Paul O'Grady Show and a semi-live performance on BBC's now defunct Top of the Pops. Jones and Bracegirdle were also interviewed on Channel 5 News; When asked in the 5 News interview where he had been since "Don't Give Up", Bracegirdle replied that he had been "basically stuffed" by the internet bootlegging of the album Easy to Assemble.[edit] 2007In February 2007, Chicane departed from Universal as well; according to the official website, all new material will now be released through Modena itself. The follow-up single "Come Tomorrow" was released on 16 July 2007, followed by the fourth album, Somersault, a week later on 23 July 2007.[22] Bracegirdle has entirely self-financed these initial independent releases, as well as subsequent live performances.[19] On 4 May 2007, the Cicada remix of "Come Tomorrow" was played on Radio 1 by Pete Tong.[23][edit] 2008On August 25, 2008 Chicane released "Bruised Water" with Natasha Bedingfield. Promotional copies of the track were made available, with remixes from Mischa Daniels and Adam K. Following the leak of his 2003 album, Chicane now employs the international internet policing company, Web Sheriff to prevent links to pirated material, such as this single and other tracks from his upcoming album,air jordan, from being posted on various blogs and websites.[24]In October 2008, Chicane released a new Best Of compilation, which features all their hits,air jordan, along with a new track called "Wake Up", which is a collaboration with Keane.[edit] 2009June / July:Nick is currently working with producers James Hockley & Richard Searle on a Re-Work EP for a targeted summer 2009 release, along with a new and fourth Chicane artist album & mixes of forthcoming productions by BT and William Orbit.The lead track from the Re-work EP "Poppiholla" based on the track "Hoppípolla" by Sigur Rós was A listed on Radio 1. It charted at a very respectable No 7 in the Top 10 on 19 July 2009, and was added to a reissued version of the Best Of album. The download single contained a Remix by The Thrillseekers, along with a mix by Bracegirdle's moniker Disco Citizens. The follow-up to this single was revealed as "Hiding All The Stars", which contains a sample of Gary Numan's Cars, which had its first full play on Radio 1's Floorfillers on 21 August 2009.September: Chicane produced a remix of the classic track 'Relax' (Don't Do it) by Frankie Goes To Hollywood, which is part of a the 25-year anniversary of the seminal track. It was learned that the Re-Work EP was cancelled although no official announcement was ever made in regards to this. Other 'reworked' tracks that were due to appear on the EP were never mentioned from the initial announcement. Recently stated from Chicane Management; there were actually quite a few that people never got to hear.In a June 2010 interview with Impact Magazine, Nick commented on the 'Re-work Ep' issue. "We covered House Arrest and there’s a massive bag of legal problems with that record. God knows why. Poppiholla became this complete and utter monster... The best laid plans of mice and men can go completely astray once you have a big record. Things change all the time...the plan was to (release Re-worked) and then the whole thing went completely mental…in a good way”[25].The new and fourth Chicane artist album may well feature collaborations with BT and Armin van Buuren. It has been announced by Nick, that the first single from the new album probably will be revealed end 2009, while fans have to wait for the longplayer until early 2010. Compared to 'Somersault' the new album will future more original Chicane downtempo chillout tracks but also exiting new productions like 'Hiding All The Stars'.Furthermore Chicane will make an appearance on the forthcoming artist album by The Thrillseekers.[edit] 2010January: Nick revealed through his Facebook artist profile, that the new and 4th Chicane studio album - Giants - will be released Summer 2010. The first single in connection with the new album 'Come Back', is a rework of the Paul Young 80s hit 'Come Back and Stay'. It was released on April 25th.April: A new track from the forthcoming album 'Giants' - 'Barefoot' - was added to Chicane's website. A laidback, Baleric-style tune, it proved popular with listeners, awaiting the new album. This was followed by the track 'Titles'.May: Through Facebook Nick officially announced the new album - 'Giants'. He also revealed a new single 'Middle Distance Runner'. It features Owl City's Adam Young on vocals. Single and Album will be released July 26th in UK. The album also features the singles Hiding All The Stars, Come Back and a new version of Poppiholla.[edit] DiscographyMain article: Chicane discographyFar From The Maddening Crowds (1997)Behind The Sun (2000)Somersault (2007)The Best of Chicane 1996 - 2008 (2008)Giants (2010)[edit] Music[edit] StyleBracegirdle describes Chicane's music as being strongly influenced by the relaxed, summer atmosphere of Ibiza, where he was taken on holidays as a child.[26] The first two Chicane albums are known for atmospheric, ambient melodies and shifting moods and tempos, particularly Far from the Maddening Crowds, which has been called "a soundtrack for an average day".[27]Bracegirdle's career took a turn following the release of Behind the Sun, at which point he stated desires to focus on being a recording artist and producer,chaussure mercurial, starting with planned work on Adams' then-upcoming studio album. (However, Adams would not release another studio album until 2004.) Bracegirdle also put remix work on hold at this point, reportedly turning down Jean Michel Jarre, Moby, and both Kylie and Dannii Minogue.[28] The music that followed also changed; in more recent interviews, Bracegirdle has noted that he is consciously moving away from the influences of Ibiza in his songwriting―calling it a return to his "song writing background" as opposed to dance music.[16][29]Bracegirdle's dance music productions have caused him to be incorrectly identified as a DJ throughout his career. As early as 1997, The Mirror called him a "top DJ" in an article,mercurial nike,[30] while the Portland Press Herald published a 2000 review in which both Chicane and BT were referred to as DJs.[31] Most recently, in 2007, Bracegirdle remarked in an interview that many people still hold this belief.[17]Far from the Maddening Crowds and Behind the Sun were both primarily recorded at Chicane's personal recording studio, Modena One (sharing the name of his own record label),[3] located at his parents' house.[4] Co-producers who worked on these albums are Leo Elstob, Salt Tank, Ray "Madman" Hedges, and Martin Brannigan. Tomski was commissioned to program the opening tracks ("Early" and "Overture") on both albums and contributed snippets and sounds to other tracks. However, Bracegirdle has stated that he works alone when in his own studio.[4] Recently, references to a studio called "Modena 2" have appeared in liner notes since the April 2006 release of the "Stoned in Love" single.[32][edit] LiveChicane also performs live concerts as a full-fledged band, which has included a rotating lineup of singers, guitarists, drummers, and flautists, as well as Bracegirdle himself on keyboards.[10] Justine Suissa, who provided vocals on "Autumn Tactics" from Behind the Sun, toured with the band in 2000.[33] UK trance producer Tom Jankiewicz (Tomski) was a frequent musical collaborator with Chicane from 1995 to 2003, and he also played keyboards in the band during that period. During April 2006 Tomski has programmed keyboard sounds for Chicane's live concerts.[34] Session drummers in the band, notably, have included Mark Pusey (Eminem, Natasha Bedingfield, Sway), Shovell from M People, Simon Merry (Natalie Imbruglia) and David Barbarossa from Bow Wow Wow.[35]The band's current lineup since 2006 consists of the following musicians:Keyboards / Programming � Nick BracegirdleBass � Carl HoltDrums � Mark Pusey Or Simon MerryGuitar � Simon SmallFemale vocals � Natasha AndrewsThough the band's singers usually substitute for the higher-profile original vocalists due to the latter's other recording commitments, there have been exceptions; for example, both Maire Brennan[4] and Bryan Adams performed live with the band in Ibiza in 2000. The former took place at one of the annual Ibiza festivals held by MTV at the turn of the 2000s,[10] while the latter took place at a heavily-promoted concert hosted by Xtravaganza on August 4 at Privilege Ibiza, which was attended by over 7000, including Bono and Noel Gallagher.[11]Chicane has also played at major European music festivals, such as the Glastonbury Festival and Creamfields in England[26] and the Roskilde Festival in Denmark;[36] as well as Red Square in Moscow.[37]Chicane has performed remixes (specifically, the "Tomski vs. Disco Citizens" remixes) live, as shown by a track listing from Chicane's January 22, 2000 performance at the Palladium in Cologne, Germany.[38] This is unusual in that remixes, as products of audio editing, and not generally considered instrumental performances in their own right. At least some aspects of this are credited to Tomski himself, on stage.[34]Bracegirdle also made a guest appearance live with Bryan Adams at the 2000 Slane Concert, as seen on Adams' Live at Slane Castle DVD.[39][edit] Notes and references^ Andrews, Michael (July 15, 2007). "Downloaders may force me to downsize". Mail on Sunday: pp. 1 ^ Alexander, Will. "Chicane � Far From The Maddening Crowds". TranceCritic.com. http://www.trancecritic.com/modules.php?name=MReviews&op=show&rid=301. Retrieved 2007-07-23. ^ a b Tracks: Nick Bracegirdle: Recording Chicane's "Don't Give Up". (May 2000). Sound on Sound. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ a b c d Tierney, Paul. Chicane. Top Magazine (retrieved from the Internet Archive). April 2000. Accessed March 29, 2006.^ a b Interview with BBC Radio 1. (1998). Chicane.cc. Accessed April 7, 2006.^ a b Chicane biography. Chicane.cc (Retrieved from the Internet Archive). Accessed March 17, 2006.^ a b c Editorial � Chicane. (May 2000). Urbnet.com. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Artist Chart History � Chicane. Billboard.com. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Offshore. Allmusic. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ a b c Interview with BBC Radio 1. (February 2000). Chicane.cc. Accessed April 7, 2006.^ a b Gill, Alexandra. Bryan Adams, king of rave?. Globe Interactive. August 22, 2000. Accessed March 29, 2006.^ Zywietz, Tobias. Chart Log UK: Oliver Cheatham � Convert. (March 22, 2005). Chart Log UK. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Zywietz, Tobias. Chart Log UK: M � The Mars Volta. (March 22, 2005). Chart Log UK. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Barrie, Stuart (February 20, 2003). "Clubbing nation 192: No cheese please we are Chicane". Daily Record: p. 2 ^ "News". Chicanemusic.com (at the Wayback Machine). http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.chicanemusic.com/news/. Retrieved 2006-04-20. ^ a b "Biography". Manifesto Records. http://www.manifesto-records.com/chicane/. Retrieved 2006-04-20. ^ a b Sole, Kate (July 20, 2007). "Chicane shine on". BANG Media International. http://home.eircom.net/content/bang/eNews/10780921?view=Standard. Retrieved 2007-07-22. ^ Outside Organization (July 2007). "Legendary producer and writer Chicane releases new album 'Somersault'". Press release. http://www.outside-org.co.uk/index.php?/publicity/clients/entertainment/chicane. ^ a b Smith, Gary (July 13, 2007). "Chicane Takes Self-Financed Route Back To Stardom". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003611679. Retrieved 2007-07-23. ^ BBC Radio 1 � Pete Tong � Tracklisting, 24 February 2006. BBC Radio 1. Accessed March 29, 2006.^ BBC Radio 1 � Pete Tong � Tracklisting, 10 March 2006. BBC Radio 1. Accessed March 29, 2006.^ Chicane launches 'Somersault' album, his first new one in 7 years^ BBC Radio 1 � Pete Tong � Tracklisting, 4 May 2007. BBC Radio 1. Accessed May 8, 2007.^ Sinclair, David (2007-08-07). "Frontier lawmen". independent.ie. http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/frontier-lawmen-1050557.html. Retrieved 2010-03-18. ^ 'Classic' Chicane taking new directions Impact Magazine, University of Nottingham, 6th June 2010^ a b Shepherd, Stephanie. Samplings � Chicane � Carries Ibiza Sound Across the Pond. DJ Times. September 2000. Accessed March 29, 2006.^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Far from the Maddening Crowds review. Allmusic. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ "Chicane � Sound of the Sunset". Dotmusic (retrieved from Chicane.cc). March 2000. http://www.chicane.cc/dotmusic.html. Retrieved 2006-12-05. ^ "Chicane Interview". Ministry of Sound. April 18, 2006. http://www.ministryofsound.com/news/features/20060418_2. Retrieved 2006-04-30. ^ King, Steve (September 25, 1997). "Straight from the Heart". The Daily Mirror: pp. 18 ^ Histen, Michael (September 3, 2000). "DJs have it". Portland Press Herald: pp. 5E ^ "Chicane � Stoned In Love". Discogs. http://www.discogs.com/release/671390. Retrieved 2006-05-11. ^ Justinesuissa.co.uk. Accessed March 30, 2006.^ a b [1]. Tomskimusic.com. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Amos, Chris. Chicane's Nick Bracegirdle. Bent.com. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Almind, Christian. Chicane. Roskilde Festival 2003 interviews. November 26, 2003. Accessed March 30, 2006.^ Chicane biography. Chicanemusic.com. Accessed March 30, 2006.^ Bootlegs: Live at Palladium, Cologne, 22.01.2000. (August 24, 2004). Chicane-Web. Accessed March 17, 2006.^ Live at Slane Castle DVD credits. Bryanadams.com. Accessed March 17, 2006.[edit] External linksOfficial WebsiteOfficial Facebook PageOfficial MySpace PageOfficial YouTube ChannelOfficial Bebo PageModena Records YouTube ChannelUnofficial Twitter (chicanenews) Pagev ? d ? eChicaneStudio albumsFar from the Maddening Crowds ・  Behind the Sun ・  Somersault ・  GiantsCompilation albumsThe Best of Chicane: 1996�2008EPsChilledSingles"Offshore" ・  "Sunstroke" ・  "Offshore '97" ・  "Lost You Somewhere" ・  "Strong in Love" ・  "Saltwater" ・  "Don't Give Up" ・  "No Ordinary Morning" / "Halcyon" ・  "Autumn Tactics" ・  "Saltwater 2003" ・  "Love on the Run" ・  "Locking Down" ・  "Don't Give Up 2004" ・  "Stoned in Love" ・  "Come Tomorrow"  ・  "Bruised Water"  ・  "Poppiholla"  ・  "Hiding All the Stars" ・  "Come Back" ・  "Middledistancerunner"Related articlesDiscographyRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicane_(recording_artist)"Categories: 1971 births | Ambient musicians | English record producers | English house musicians | Living people | People from Chalfont St Giles | English trance musiciansHidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from May 2009 | Articles with hAudio microformatsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDanskDeutschItalianoLietuvi?NederlandsPolskiSimple English This page was last modified on 5 July 2010 at 11:08.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers

Car-Free Days - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Car-Free DaysFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (September 2009)Bruxelles Car Free Day, 2005.Jakarta monthly Car Free Day, 2010.A Car Free Day encourages motorists to give up their car for a day. Organized events are held in some cities and countries. September 22 is World Car Free Day.[1] According to The Washington Post, the event "promotes improvement of mass transit, cycling and walking, and the development of communities where jobs are closer to home and where shopping is within walking distance".[1]The events, which vary by location, give motorists and commuterists an idea of their locality with fewer cars. While projects along these lines had taken place from time to time on an ad hoc basis starting with the 1973 oil crisis, it was only in October 1994 that a structured call for such projects was issued in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at the International Ciudades Accesibles (Accessible Cities) Conference held in Toledo (Spain). Thursday: A Breakthrough Strategy for Reducing Car Dependence in CitiesWithin two years the first Days were organized in Reykjavík (Iceland), Bath (Britain) and La Rochelle (France), and the informal World Car Free Days Consortium was organized in 1995 to support Car-Free Days world wide. The first national campaign was inaugurated in Britain by the Environmental Transport Association in 1997, the French followed suit in 1998 as In town, without my car! and was established as a Europe-wide initiative by the European Commission in 2000. In the same year the Commission enlarged the program to a full European Mobility Week which now is the major focus of the Commission, with the Car-Free Day part of a greater new mobility whole. Also in 2000, car free days went global with a World Carfree Day program launched by Carbusters, now World Carfree Network, and in the same year the Earth Car Free Day collaborative program of the Earth Day Network and the World Car Free Days collaborative.While considerable momentum has been achieved in terms of media coverage, these events turn out to be difficult to organize to achieve real success (perhaps requiring significant reorganization of the host city's transportation arrangement) and even a decade later there is considerable uncertainty about the usefulness of this approach. The sine qua non of success is the achievement of broad public support and commitment to change. By some counts by advocates (disputed), more than a thousand cities worldwide organized “Days” during 2005. The results have been extremely uneven.Currently Bogotá holds the world's largest car-free weekday event covering the entire city. The first car-free day was held in February 2000 and became institutionalised through a public referendum.[2]In September 2007 Jakarta held it's Car-Free Day that closed the main avenue of the city from cars and invited local pedestrian to exercise and having their activities on the streets that normally full of cars and traffic. Along the road from the Senayan traffic circle on Jalan Sudirman, South Jakarta, to the "Selamat Datang" Monument at the Hotel Indonesia traffic circle on Jalan Thamrin, all the way north to National Monument Central Jakarta, cars are cleared out for pedestrians. Morning gymnastics, futsal games, jogging, bicycling, badminton, karate, an on-street library and musical performances take over the road.[3] Today the Car-Free Day in Jakarta's main avenue is held monthly on every last Sunday of the month. It is held on the main avenue of the city; Jalan Sudirman and Jalan Thamrin,nike pas cher, from Senayan area to Monas (Monumen Nasional) from 6 AM to 12 AM.Contents1 How it works2 International car free days2.1 Europe3 History and timeline3.1 First Ten Years3.2 Timeline: Some major Carfree Day-related events4 See also5 References6 External links[edit] How it worksThe 1994 Car Free Day Call set out a challenge for a city, neighborhood or group:?To spend one carefully prepared day without cars.?To study and observe closely what exactly goes on during that day.?Then, to reflect publicly and collectively on the lessons of this experience and on what might be prudently and creatively done next to build on these.The point of departure for this exercise was the determination that you cannot usefully engage in meaningful dialogue with addicts, that what you have to do is start treating them in some way. As often as not this meant thrusting the poor souls into a no-choice situation, at least for a time. In this particular instance the proposed "treatment" was to find an answer to the following question in three main parts:?Is it possible to get drivers out of their cars in one or more cities...?In ways that will be tolerable in a pluralistic democracy...?For at least long enough to demonstrate what needs to happen to make a car-less (or, more accurately, less-car) urban transport paradigm actually work?One of the main tasks of planners and policy makers is to ask creative questions. Another is to create a process whereby these discussions are brought into the political and technical planning processes.[edit] International car free days[edit] EuropeIn town, without my car!Carfree days are also held in many US cities,mercurial nike, such as Portland, Or., and in Japan.[edit] History and timeline[edit] First Ten YearsThe Environmental Transport Association set the initial annual Car-Free Day on the first Tuesday in their Green Transport Week (around 17 June), since 2000 it was agreed to make it a self-standing day held on September 22, originally as a pan-European day organised under the auspices of the European Commission and later with international extensions―during which a large number of cities around the world are invited to close their centers to cars. Pedestrians, bicycles, public transit and other forms of sustainable transportation are encouraged on these days. People can reflect on what their city would look like with a lot fewer cars, and what might be needed to make this happen. Advocates claim that over 100 million people in 1,500 cities celebrate International Car-Free Day, though on days and in ways of their choice. This claim however is not confirmed.Over the first decade of the car-free day movement (1994�2005), the world has seen hundreds of cities giving the CFD (Car Free Day) approach a try in very different circumstances, some good, some undeniably bad, some of them on several occasions.Activists in this field wondered what were the actual accomplishments. They suggested that it was agreeable to have a pleasant day with fewer cars and probably fewer accidents at least in some parts of the city, but considered that this was not the bottom line. For them the goal of a Car Free Day had from the beginning been to serve as a small step, as a catalyst in a much larger and more ambitious process of city-wide systemic transformation toward a more truly sustainable mobility system. They suggested that with rare exceptions they were not seeing anything like that.The persons involved in the movement thought that after ten years it was time to stand back and look hard to see what if any difference this approach has made. They asked themselves if CFDs made here or there had produced any significant permanent impacts on cities and the ways human beings get around in them. They wondered if they could be content with what the great bulk of these projects and programs had achieved and just keep going on as-is, or if it were not time to stand back and look again. They decided to fight complacency with a new international collaborative program starting in 2004.[edit] Timeline: Some major Carfree Day-related eventsThe following chronology assembles some of the main events of the last decades, which together have gradually built on each other's accomplishments to leave us today with a movement that is, to say the least,air jordan, only now beginning to get under way. There are a very large number of cities and events that are not covered here.1956, Low Countries. The first car free Sundays in the Netherlands and Belgium because of the Suezcrisis. Every Sunday from November 25 to January 20, 1957 were car free.1958, New York City. Demonstrations of neighbors of the Washington Square Park area of New York City eventually block a proposed extension of Fifth Avenue, which would have eliminated this popular public park and social oasis.1961, New York City. One of the ringleaders of the 1958 demonstration, Jane Jacobs, publishes The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Vintage Books, opening up the discussions of car restraint in cities.Autumn, 1968, Groningen, Netherlands. First neighborhood Woonerf. The goal of this at first entirely illegal project led by local residents is to claim back the street from cars and create safe space for people.1972, Delft, Netherlands. First official Woonerf opens.1973, Abbaye de Royaumont, France. The OECD Development Center and EcoPlan (The Commons) organize a 4 day international brainstorm on combining car restraint and non-conventional or "in-between" transit (paratransit) in Third World cities.January-February, 1974, Switzerland. Four car free Sundays were organized during the "Oil Crisis".1981, East Germany (DDR). First German Carfree Day took place.October 1988, Paris. "Cities without Cars?" program begins. International, unstructured, non-bureaucratic, topic-driven, long term cooperative program is launched by EcoPlan and the Commons. It later morphed into today's New Mobility Agenda.September 1991, New York City. First International Conference on Auto-Free Cities. Organized by Transportation Alternatives.September 1992, Toronto. Second International Conference on Auto-Free Cities.September 1992, San Francisco. Critical Mass. More or less anarchist, at least self-organizing, group cranked up to take back the streets from cars. Still at it.Fall 1992, Paris, France. First @ccess Forum opened in cooperation with ECTF on Internet. Carfree Day concept discussed and expanded on this international list.Fall 1992, Ottawa, Canada. Auto-Free Ottawa Newsletter started.March 1994, Amsterdam. Car Free Cities Network launched by DG XI and Eurocities.14 October 1994, Toledo, Spain. Thursday: Carfree Day Proposal, work plan and public call for international collaboration is presented at Spanish "Ciudades Accesibles" Congress. (Representatives of Car Free Cities and later Reykjavík, Bath and La Rochelle CFD projects all present.)8 May 1996, Copenhagen. Copenhagen Declaration is issued by international meeting of European government groups.June 1996, Reykjavík, Iceland. Carfree Day is organized by local government and held in Iceland's capital city.11 June 1996, Bath, the first British Carfree Day organised within the Environmental Transport Association's Green Transport Week.17 June 1997, Weybridge, the world's first national Car-Free Day inaugurated by the Environmental Transport Association in Britain. The ETA co-ordinates the annual CFDs.9 September 1997, La Rochelle, France. Journée sans voiture. Led by Mayor Michel Crépeau and Jacques Tallut, La Rochelle organize France's first real CFD.21 October 1997, Paris. Thursday: Carfree Day proposal made to French Ministry of the Environment. Proposal from this Consortium made as part of the Common's "Smogbuster" package for fighting car-related pollution and other problems in French cities. (The Ministry used this foundation to launch its own "En ville, sans ma voiture?" program one year later.)26 October - 1 November 1997, Lyon, France. Towards Carfree Cities I conference. Organized by European Youth for Action and the Lyon-based Régroupement pour une ville sans voiture. Carbusters Magazine & Resource Centre launched.Winter 1997, Amsterdam. Carfree Times. Carfree Times published Volume 1, Number 1 (with no public support and made freely available).Winter, 1997, Paris. @World Carfree Day Consortium. This open NGO site is established by The Commons as part of their long term New Mobility program on the WWW to support Carfree Day organization and expert follow-up in cities all over the world.21 June 1998. Mobil Ohne Auto, Germany-wide Car Free Mobility Day.22 September 1998, "En ville, sans ma voiture?", France. French Ministry of the Environment and 34 French cities organized "En ville, sans ma voiture?" ("A day in the city without my car?).1 December 1999, Britain. First National ETA Carfree Planning support (UK) sharing information on planning for European Carfree Day in Britain19 September 1999, Netherlands. First National Carfree Sunday in the Netherlands.22 September 1999, First European "Pilot Day". On Wednesday, 22 September 1999, 66 French towns participate in "En ville, sans ma voiture ?" (2nd edition), while in parallel 92 Italian towns organize the first Italian National Carfree Day, "In cittá senza la mia auto". The Canton of Geneva also participates in what later was later called the first European "Pilot Day", wherein all the participating cities designated car free areas in their centers.Sunday, 26 September 1999. First Belgian CFD announced.1 December 1999, Britain. Consortium of interested individuals and groups set up the first independent national support group on Web to promote CFDs in Britain (see menu to left for direct link)Sunday, 6 February 2000, Italy. Environment Minister Edo Ronchi opens first of 4 successive Car Free Sundays in Italy, to take place on first Sunday of month for next four months.24 February 2000, Bogotá, Colombia. The Bogotá Challenge. The City of Bogotá organizes Sin mi carro en Bogotá in cooperation with the World Carfree Day Consortium, the world's first large scale "Thursday" CFD project, and launches its Bogotá Challenge to the rest of the world.10�18 June 2000, British Green Transport Week organised by the Environmental Transport Association.24�27 June 2000, Bremen, Germany. Car Free Cities conference in Bremen.21 September 2000. World Carfree Day - first global carfree day, launched and promoted by Carbusters (now World Carfree Network) and Adbusters Media Foundation.22 September 2000. First European Carfree Day. The government sponsors report that 760 European towns jointly organized the first pan-European "In town, without my car!" day. Perhaps indicating growing confidence, the question mark has now become an exclamation point.14 October 2000. Chengdu City of Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China, starts the first ever "Car-Free Day" in that nation.29 October 2000. Bogotá holds the world's first Car Free Referendum (which passes with flying colors).1 November 2000. Earth Carfree Day program launched by the Commons and WC/FD Consortium in cooperation with Earth Day Network.23 November 2000 Shed Your Car Day - Fremantle. First Australian CFD (http://www.freonet.net.au/shed-your-car/index01.html & http://www.freonet.net.au/shed-your-car/).1 February 2001. Bogotá launches the first ECFD 2001 project with its second Dia sin Carro.Spring 2001. "Domeniche ecologiche 2001" - The Italian Ministry of the Environment organises the first Ecological Sundays car-free program, running on five weekends.19 April 2001. First Earth Carfree Day. More than 300 hundred groups and cities around the world participate in this first ECFD organised by The Commons WC/FD program and Earth Day Network.September 2001. Second European CFD and second World Carfree Day.September 22,nike mercurial, 2001. Toronto becomes the first North American city to officially host a Carfree Day.November 2001. United Nations contacts The Commons and proposed a joint world level project: the United Nations Carfree Days Programme, to be organized as a run-up to the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development, demonstrating that this approach is one that can make a difference.6�8 February 2002. First United National Regional Carfree Days Practicum organized for Latin America, in cooperation with and support of the third Carfree Day in Bogotá, Colombia. Practicum brings together a delegation of mayors from across the region to observe and exchange information on the CFD approach for their cities.8�10 May 2002. Second UN Carfree Day Demonstration and Practicum for Regional Mayors took place in Fremantle, West Australia.19 April 2002. First European Mobility Week launched by EC in Brussels. Planned as annual event in September around their "In town without my car!" program.22 September 2002. Third World Carfree Day, promoted by Carbusters (now World Carfree Network) and Adbusters Media Foundation.2002. Canadian Carfree Day Network established,basket jordan, and is active in a growing number of cities, including Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa and Winnipeg.April 2003. Towards Car-Free Cities III, Prague, Czech Republic, organised by Carbusters (now World Carfree Network).September 2003. Montreal becomes the first Canadian city to hold a major downtown, weekday street closure.September 2003, Camden, UK. Camden celebrates the first Travelwise Week building on Carfree Days celebrated every year since 2000.22 September 2003. Fourth World Carfree Day, promoted by World Carfree Network and Adbusters Media Foundation.July 2004. Towards Car-Free Cities IV, Humboldt University, Berlin, organised by World Carfree Network in partnership with Autofrei Wohnen, Autofrei Leben!, BUND (Friends of the Earth Germany), ITDP Europe, and other German organisations.19 to 24 September 2004. Toronto's first New Mobility Week launched a public enquiry into new less-car packages of policies and measures.16�23 September 2004. European Mobility Week.22 September 2004 "In town, without my car!", organized by the European Commission and national partners.22 September 2004. Fifth World Carfree Day, promoted by World Carfree Network and Adbusters Media Foundation.July 2005. Towards Car-Free Cities V, Budapest, Hungary, organised by World Carfree Network and Clean Air Action Group, in partnership with Hungarian Traffic Club and Hungarian Young Greens.22 September 2006. Car Free Day on Yonge Street and Yonge Dundas Square. The first downtown weekday street closure in celebration of Toronto Car Free Day.22 September 2007. Car Free Day in Jakarta, Indonesia, organized by Jakarta municipal government. The Car Free Day closed Jakarta's main avenue such as Jalan Thamrin and Jalan Sudirman from cars, and invited locals to have their sports and activities on the street. Since then Car Free Day is become a monthly event in Jakarta, held every last Sunday of the month. However every other Sundays these main avenues is closed from cars for a shorter period.22 September 2007. Car Free Day in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, organised by the Kaohsiung City Council. Thousands cycled from the Tower of Light, to Singuang Ferry Wharf (see map). All city public transportation service was made for free for a week from 22 to 28 September 2007. Kaohsiung has started celebrating the International Car Free Day since year 2004. And this year's slogan is 熄火�地球, 高雄�步走.[4][5] A total of 1953 towns and cities participate from 38 countries around the world.16�20 June 2008. Towards Carfree Cities Conference VIII in Portland, Oregon organized by SHIFT.21 September 2008. Annual Car Free Day in the Netherlands. At least 22 cities such as Nijmegen, Tilburg, Rotterdam, Arnhem, Gouda.. are car free. See Autovrije Dag Nederland.28 September 2008. Car Free Day at Wood Green High Road, London, UK. See Haringey News Archive.29 September 2009. World Car Free Day celebrated in Washington, D.C. with free bike repairs, yoga classes and groups that encourage environmentally friendly lives. One such group was involved in petitioning avid car users to go car-free for the first time: The Car-Free Diet[1][edit] See alsoCarfree cityCar-free movementCar-free zoneCarless days (New Zealand political history)Critical MassCycloviaEuropean Mobility WeekHoy No CirculaIn town, without my car! (EU)List of car-free placesNew Mobility AgendaReclaim the StreetsSpare the air dayUnited Nations Car Free DaysWorld Carfree NetworkWorld Naked Bike Ride[edit] References^ a b c Alcindor, Yamiche (September 22, 2009). "A Day Without the Detriments of Driving". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/22/AR2009092203532.html. Retrieved 2009-09-22. ^ Wright L. and Montezuma R.: Reclaiming public space [1], retrieved 2009-10-03^ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/25/carfree-day-reduces-air-pollution-tests.html Carfree day Jakarta^ 自由�子� - 公�免�搭乘� 高市熄火�地球^ 公�ing[edit] External linksTowards Carfree Cities Conference 2008European Mobility Week/Car Free DayWorld Carfree NetworkWorld Carfree DayWorld Car Free Days CollaborativeWorld Carfree Day WikiInternational/Regional Car-Free Day ProgramsNational Car-Free Day ProgramsThursday: A Breakthrough Strategy for Reducing Car Dependence in CitiesUnited Nations Car Free DaysCanadian Car Free DayDutch site of (annual) National Car Free Day in HollandStreet PartyStreets Alive!Shed Your Car Day (Australia 2002)Kaohsiung Car Free Day 2007Living Car Free forumRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car-Free_Days"Categories: Road transport | Health awareness days | Car-free movement | Public health educationHidden categories: Articles that may contain original research from September 2009 | All articles that may contain original researchPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguages?eskyDeutschFran?ais??????????Bahasa Indonesia?????MagyarNederlands日本�PolskiPortuguêsSuomi??? This page was last modified on 28 June 2010 at 12:00.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers

Southland Museum and Art Gallery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Southland Museum and Art GalleryFrom Wikipedia,air jordan, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchSouthland Museum and Art GalleryThe Southland Museum and Art Gallery is located in Gala Street, Invercargill, New Zealand. It is Southland's largest cultural and heritage institution, and contains a wide variety of the region's art, history and natural history collections.Contents1 What to see at the Museum1.1 Tuatara1.2 Galleries1.3 Art2 History of the Museum3 Hours and Admission4 Building5 See also6 References7 Further reading about former Directors8 External links[edit] What to see at the Museum[edit] TuataraTuatara enclosureThe tuatarium is a popular destination for both tourists and locals. The facility houses over 60 individual tuatara ranging from new babies to the famous Henry [1], who is thought to be over 110 years old. Henry and his girlfriend Mildred produced 11 eggs in the 2009 season. All hatched. Tuatara Curator Lindsay Hazley suggested [2] that the new acrylic roof that allowed ultra violet light through to the tuatara has contributed to 100% egg hatching success and 100% survival success since installation.[edit] GalleriesThe World's Fastest Indian ExhibitionThe museum has a Māori Gallery that emphasizes the everyday aspects of pre-contact life in Murihiku/(Southland). This includes the processes of adze making, fishing using bone and stone lures, and pastimes and musical instruments.. The natural history gallery presents many aspects of nature in the province,chaussure dunk, including an emphasis on rare and endangered species such as the Kakapo and Kiwi, as well as sub-fossil bones of extinct birds such as Moa. This gallery also covers subjects such as geology and sea life. "Beyond the Roaring 40's Gallery", interprets the unique and vulnerable Subantarctic themes and was developed utilising both museum and Department of Conservation expertise. "Sport in Southland" illustrates heritage, diversity and changes over time of many of the sports played in the region and includes a the shell of Burt Munro's bike and Roger Donaldson's documentary film about Burt.[edit] ArtThe art galleries feature regular contemporary and historical art exhibitions, both travelling shows and works from permanent collections, often with a regional emphasis which includes Stewart Island and the Subantarctic Islands. The museum has a significant collection of art, photography, ceramics and craft all of which are shown regularly. Of special note is the work by William Hodges " A Maori before a waterfall in Dusky Bay "(1773), and Te Mauri, the large pounamu boulder that travelled to America as part of the Te Maori Exhibition in 1984.A fossil forest of petrified wood exists at Curio Bay on the southeast coast of Southland. A reconstruction of this, where visitors can walk among the stumps and tree sections of petrified wood 130 million years old, is to be found in front of the museum and where there is also a two-metre bronze Tuatara sculpture.[edit] History of the MuseumRoaring '40s ExhibitionSouthland Museum and Art Gallery, Niho o te Taniwha (the tooth of the taniwha), has grown from a small collection first exhibited in 1869 by Andrew McKenzie in his Invercargill "Scotch Pie House and Museum". The collection was purchased by the Invercargill Athenaeum in 1876 and transferred to the Southland Technical College by 1912.Although a museum board was formed in 1915, the museum remained under the control of the Southland Education Board until it was constituted under the Southland Museum Board (Inc) in 1939. The original building at the entrance to Queen's Park was built as Southland's New Zealand Centennial memorial and opened in 1942, but without an art gallery,nike mercurial, due to insufficient funds. There have been many extensions to the original structure with the art gallery opening in 1960, the additional of the Southland Astronomical Society Observatory in 1972, extensions to the building in 1977 and 1984, a total redevelopment in 1990, and a proposed extension for 2010-2015.The period of redevelopment from the 1970s to the 1990s was credited to the leadership of Museum Director, Russell Beck, and Chairman of the Southland Museum & Art Gallery Trust Board, Dr Alfred Philip (Alf) Poole (1922�2005).This 1990 redevelopment enclosed the previous building in a 27m tall pyramid, the largest in the southern hemisphere,chaussure mercurial, added dedicated art gallery spaces, a Tuatarium Gallery for the captive Tuatara breeding programme, and retailing spaces for the Artworks Cafe, Museum Shop 'Momento' and iSite Invercargill Visitor Information Centre [1].The current proposed extension to the museum is planned to take place in over the next few years. The new design (plans available for viewing at the museum) will almost double the interior space available for exhibitions and storage.[edit] Hours and AdmissionThe Southland Museum and Art Gallery is open every day, excluding Christmas Day. Museum hours are weekdays 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m. and weekends and public holidays 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m. There is no admission fee to the Southland Museum and Art Gallery but a donation is welcomed.[edit] BuildingSouthland Museum and Art Gallery PyramidThe building is the largest pyramid in the southern hemisphere. It has a floor space of 5000m2. Its dimensions are 45 x 52 x 27 metres high.[edit] See alsoSouthland Astronomical Society[edit] References^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/321594^ http://www.southlandmuseum.com/tuatara.html[edit] Further reading about former DirectorsJohn Herman (J H) Sorensen, ObituaryDavid TeviotdaleOlga Sansom[edit] External linksMuseum websiteCoordinates: 46°24′19″S 168°21′12″E? / ?46.4052°S 168.3532°E? / -46.4052; 168.3532Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southland_Museum_and_Art_Gallery"Categories: Invercargill | Southland Region | Natural history museums in New ZealandPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 29 June 2010 at 08:46.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers

Southland Museum and Art Gallery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Southland Museum and Art GalleryFrom Wikipedia,air jordan, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchSouthland Museum and Art GalleryThe Southland Museum and Art Gallery is located in Gala Street, Invercargill, New Zealand. It is Southland's largest cultural and heritage institution, and contains a wide variety of the region's art, history and natural history collections.Contents1 What to see at the Museum1.1 Tuatara1.2 Galleries1.3 Art2 History of the Museum3 Hours and Admission4 Building5 See also6 References7 Further reading about former Directors8 External links[edit] What to see at the Museum[edit] TuataraTuatara enclosureThe tuatarium is a popular destination for both tourists and locals. The facility houses over 60 individual tuatara ranging from new babies to the famous Henry [1], who is thought to be over 110 years old. Henry and his girlfriend Mildred produced 11 eggs in the 2009 season. All hatched. Tuatara Curator Lindsay Hazley suggested [2] that the new acrylic roof that allowed ultra violet light through to the tuatara has contributed to 100% egg hatching success and 100% survival success since installation.[edit] GalleriesThe World's Fastest Indian ExhibitionThe museum has a Māori Gallery that emphasizes the everyday aspects of pre-contact life in Murihiku/(Southland). This includes the processes of adze making, fishing using bone and stone lures, and pastimes and musical instruments.. The natural history gallery presents many aspects of nature in the province,chaussure dunk, including an emphasis on rare and endangered species such as the Kakapo and Kiwi, as well as sub-fossil bones of extinct birds such as Moa. This gallery also covers subjects such as geology and sea life. "Beyond the Roaring 40's Gallery", interprets the unique and vulnerable Subantarctic themes and was developed utilising both museum and Department of Conservation expertise. "Sport in Southland" illustrates heritage, diversity and changes over time of many of the sports played in the region and includes a the shell of Burt Munro's bike and Roger Donaldson's documentary film about Burt.[edit] ArtThe art galleries feature regular contemporary and historical art exhibitions, both travelling shows and works from permanent collections, often with a regional emphasis which includes Stewart Island and the Subantarctic Islands. The museum has a significant collection of art, photography, ceramics and craft all of which are shown regularly. Of special note is the work by William Hodges " A Maori before a waterfall in Dusky Bay "(1773), and Te Mauri, the large pounamu boulder that travelled to America as part of the Te Maori Exhibition in 1984.A fossil forest of petrified wood exists at Curio Bay on the southeast coast of Southland. A reconstruction of this, where visitors can walk among the stumps and tree sections of petrified wood 130 million years old, is to be found in front of the museum and where there is also a two-metre bronze Tuatara sculpture.[edit] History of the MuseumRoaring '40s ExhibitionSouthland Museum and Art Gallery, Niho o te Taniwha (the tooth of the taniwha), has grown from a small collection first exhibited in 1869 by Andrew McKenzie in his Invercargill "Scotch Pie House and Museum". The collection was purchased by the Invercargill Athenaeum in 1876 and transferred to the Southland Technical College by 1912.Although a museum board was formed in 1915, the museum remained under the control of the Southland Education Board until it was constituted under the Southland Museum Board (Inc) in 1939. The original building at the entrance to Queen's Park was built as Southland's New Zealand Centennial memorial and opened in 1942, but without an art gallery,nike mercurial, due to insufficient funds. There have been many extensions to the original structure with the art gallery opening in 1960, the additional of the Southland Astronomical Society Observatory in 1972, extensions to the building in 1977 and 1984, a total redevelopment in 1990, and a proposed extension for 2010-2015.The period of redevelopment from the 1970s to the 1990s was credited to the leadership of Museum Director, Russell Beck, and Chairman of the Southland Museum & Art Gallery Trust Board, Dr Alfred Philip (Alf) Poole (1922�2005).This 1990 redevelopment enclosed the previous building in a 27m tall pyramid, the largest in the southern hemisphere,chaussure mercurial, added dedicated art gallery spaces, a Tuatarium Gallery for the captive Tuatara breeding programme, and retailing spaces for the Artworks Cafe, Museum Shop 'Momento' and iSite Invercargill Visitor Information Centre [1].The current proposed extension to the museum is planned to take place in over the next few years. The new design (plans available for viewing at the museum) will almost double the interior space available for exhibitions and storage.[edit] Hours and AdmissionThe Southland Museum and Art Gallery is open every day, excluding Christmas Day. Museum hours are weekdays 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m. and weekends and public holidays 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m. There is no admission fee to the Southland Museum and Art Gallery but a donation is welcomed.[edit] BuildingSouthland Museum and Art Gallery PyramidThe building is the largest pyramid in the southern hemisphere. It has a floor space of 5000m2. Its dimensions are 45 x 52 x 27 metres high.[edit] See alsoSouthland Astronomical Society[edit] References^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/321594^ http://www.southlandmuseum.com/tuatara.html[edit] Further reading about former DirectorsJohn Herman (J H) Sorensen, ObituaryDavid TeviotdaleOlga Sansom[edit] External linksMuseum websiteCoordinates: 46°24′19″S 168°21′12″E? / ?46.4052°S 168.3532°E? / -46.4052; 168.3532Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southland_Museum_and_Art_Gallery"Categories: Invercargill | Southland Region | Natural history museums in New ZealandPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 29 June 2010 at 08:46.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers

List of My Family episodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of My Family episodesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThe following is a list of episodes for the British sitcom My Family, that has aired on BBC One since 19 September 2000.[1] As of 9 July 2010, 102 episodes have aired.[2] A nine-part eleventh series and a 2010 Christmas special are in production.Contents1 Overview1.1 Series One (2000)1.2 Series Two (2001)1.3 Series Three (2002)1.4 Christmas Special (2002)1.5 Series Four (2003)1.6 Christmas Special (2003)1.7 Series Five (2004)1.8 Specials (2004-2005)1.9 Series Six (2006)1.10 Christmas Special (2006)1.11 Series Seven (2007)1.12 Christmas Special (2007)1.13 Series Eight (2008)1.14 Christmas Special (2008)1.15 Series Nine (2009)1.16 Christmas Special (2009)1.17 Series Ten (2010)2 References3 External links[edit] OverviewThe first series of eight episodes aired from 19 September to 7 November 2000, mostly on Tuesdays at 8:30 pm.[1] The second series, of thirteen episodes, aired from 31 August to 30 November 2001 on Fridays at 8:30 pm and the third series, of twelve episodes, from 6 September to 12 December 2002, firstly on Fridays at 8:30 pm then Thursday at 8:00 pm.[1] The 2002 Christmas special aired at 6:55 pm.[1] The thirteen-episode fourth series aired from 21 March to 13 June 2003 on Fridays, mostly at 8:30 pm.[1] A Christmas special aired on 5 December 2003 and a further special aired on 12 March 2004.[3] The fifth series, of thirteen episodes, aired from 19 March to 18 June 2004.[3] The 2004 Christmas special aired on 25 December 2004 and the 2005 special on 24 December 2005.[3] The seven-episode sixth series aired from 10 March to 28 April 2006, followed by a Christmas special on 25 December 2006.[3] Series Seven, of nine episodes, aired from 6 April to 8 June 2007.[4] A Christmas special aired on 26 December 2007 at 7:00 pm. In addition, a short episode for Comic Relief aired on 11 March 2005. The eighth series aired from 11 April to 23 May 2008 on Friday evenings at 9:00 pm, moving to 9:30 pm from the second episode onwards. The 2008 Christmas special aired on 24 December at 8:30 pm.[5][6]. The ninth series, of nine episodes aired from 2 April to 14 May 2009 on Thursday evenings at 8:30pm, moving to 8:00pm from the second episode onwards (Episodes 4 and 5 were broadcast on Sunday 19 May at 8pm and 8:30pm respectively).[7] A Christmas special aired on 24 December 2009 at 8pm.All episodes are thirty minutes long, except six Christmas specials.[1] The 2004, 2005 and 2006 Christmas specials are 50 minutes long whilst the 2007, 2008 and 2009 specials are 60 minutes long.[8] All episodes originally aired on BBC One.SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedDVD releaseChristmas SpecialsRegion 1Region 2One8200010 October 200622 March 2004N/ATwo13200110 October 20067 June 2004N/AThree14200213 October 200912 September 2005"Ding Dong Merrily"Four14200313 October 200920 March 2006"Sixty Feet Under"Five162004�2005―18 September 2006"Glad Tidings We Bring" & "...And I’ll Cry If I Want To"Six82006―25 June 2007"The Heart of Christmas"Seven102007―24 September 2007"Ho Ho No"Eight82008―14 July 2008"Have An Unhappy Christmas"Nine102009―25 May 2009"2039: A Christmas Oddity"Ten92010―4 October 2010Eleven72011―TBA[edit] Series One (2000)Main article: My Family (series 1)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership1"The Serpent’s Tooth"Baz TaylorJames Hendrie and Ian Brown19 September 2000 (2000-09-19)30 minutes8.48 millionBen (Robert Lindsay) gets angry when Janey (Daniela Denby-Ashe) tells him she is seeing another dentist, the Australian Mel Fraser, as Ben never gets round to seeing them. Ben soon discovers that Susan (Zo? Wanamaker) has also seen Mel, causing them to argue. They then have to reassure Michael (Gabriel Thompson) that they are not going to divorce. Meanwhile Janey, who had taken an instant liking to Mel, says she will not see him again after he treated her like a child. Nick (Kris Marshall),nike mercurial, meanwhile, meets Isabelle (Karine Adrover), a French swimwear model, on the Internet. Ben bets him ￡50 she is not who she says she is,mercurial nike, and so Nick invites her round. Michael rebels by buying himself a rabbit called Hannibal. 2"Pain In The Class"Baz TaylorJames Hendrie and Ian Brown26 September 2000 (2000-09-26)30 minutes7.46 millionMichael gets bullied at school by Jason Hodder, and when Ben and Susan find out, Michael calls Susan a "control freak", which means Ben is forced to try and deal with it. However, when it gets worse, she invites Hodder's parents (Brian Pettifer and Janine Duvitski) around to discuss the problem. Meanwhile, Nick tries to become a dotcom millionaire and Janey wants a tattoo. 3"Droit De Seigneur Ben"Baz TaylorFred Barron and Shawn Schepps3 October 2000 (2000-10-03)30 minutes5.95 millionBrigitte (Daisy Donovan) and Lord Whitten (Peter Blythe), a patient, arrange a date between Janey and Whitten's son Toby. However, Toby tries to assault her and Whitten's son (Orlando Wells) then goes to the sugery for treatment. Also, Susan gets tickets for Don Giovanni, but Ben is reluctant to go, and Nick becomes an artist. 4"The Last Resort"Baz TaylorSteve Armogida, Jim Armogida, Ian Brown and James Hendrie10 October 2000 (2000-10-10)30 minutes5.42 millionSusan turns 40 again, and after persuasion from Janey, Ben takes her for a romantic weekend at a hotel they stayed in April 1978, shortly before they were married. The couple in the next room, the Pickerings (Rowena Cooper and John Arthur), get friendly but turn out to be swingers. Meanwhile, at home Nick and Janey go out leaving Michael on his own. 5"Farewell To Alarms"Baz TaylorSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida17 October 2000 (2000-10-17)30 minutes6.89 millionAfter Brigitte thinks her van has been stolen from near the Harpers' house, Susan insists they get an expensive top-of-the-range burglar alarm, which soon lands them in trouble with the police when it goes off too often. Also, Nick becomes a landlord and then a stripper. 6"Death And Ben Take A Policy"Baz TaylorFred Barron and Penny Croft24 October 2000 (2000-10-24)30 minutes6.19 millionWhen a Chinese businessman who was on a tour with Susan's company is found dead at Madame Tussauds, Susan is worried as it's the children's "first death". Meanwhile, Nick brings round his new girlfriend Emily (Amy Phillips), who tries to sell Ben life insurance, and Janey wants a water bra. 7"The Awkward Phrase"Baz TaylorFred Barron30 October 2000 (2000-10-30)30 minutes8.38 millionMichael has his first date with a girl from school (Rosie Wiggins) and gets tips from Nick, Ben and Janey. Meanwhile, Nick tries to get a job by growing a moustache, and Janey buys a pair of ￡98 Prada jeans, which Susan had forbidden her to purchase. 8"Much Ado About Ben"Baz TaylorSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida7 November 2000 (2000-11-07)30 minutes7.62 millionSusan finds Viagra in Nick's trousers, which she then confiscates,nike jordan, but when Ben then uses it he is rushed to hospital. After being diagnosed with high cholesterol, he is put on a diet by Susan. Also, Janey is trying to get tickets for a Marilyn Manson concert, and when Susan takes up yoga to help her stop smoking Ben takes part in a lesson at their house. [edit] Series Two (2001)Main article: My Family (series 2)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership9"All Roads Lead To Ramon"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown31 August 2001 (2001-08-31)30 minutes8.94 millionWhen Nick is fired from an employment agency for being "chronically unemployable", Susan is forced into giving him a job as a tour guide, which proves a disaster. Meanwhile, when Janey has a different boy round each day, each one coaching in her A-Levels, Ben accidentally calls her a prostitute. Also, Stupid Brian (Kevin Bishop) tries to win Janey back, and Ben has dental assistant problems. The agency sends him a temporary assistant, Ramon, who turns out to be Nick in disguise. 10"The Unkindest Cut"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida7 September 2001 (2001-09-07)30 minutes9.04 millionAfter a weekend together in Paris, Susan thinks she is pregnant. After discussing whether to have the baby or not, Susan finds out it was a false alarm, but insists Ben has a vasectomy so it does not happen again. Meanwhile, Nick follows Jamie Oliver and becomes a "naked chef". 11"Parisian Beauty"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons14 September 2001 (2001-09-14)30 minutes8.24 millionJaney has invited over Sylvie (Beatriz Batarda), a French exchange student, so she can go to Paris in return. This means Michael has to stay in Nick's room, and Ben thinks that Sylvie fancies him. Also, Nick is taking part in a sleep deprivation experiment. 12"Trust Never Sleeps"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown21 September 2001 (2001-09-21)30 minutes9.55 millionSusan reads in Janey's diary that she thinks Susan does not trust her. So, after getting an 'A' in a French project, Susan shows she trusts Janey by letting her have a party while she and Ben are in Oxford for the night. However, when Ben and Susan return after getting second thoughts, they are stuck in their bedroom hiding from Janey and her friends. However, Ben soon needs the toilet. 13"Death and Ben Take A Holiday"Dewi HumphreysFred Barron28 September 2001 (2001-09-28)30 minutes9.65 millionWhen Ben's 93-year-old aunt Margaret dies, Susan cannot go to Leeds with him for the funeral because she has flu, so he is forced to go with Nick. They are forced to share a bed at a rundown Bed and Breakfast, while Nick tries to spend the night with the hotel maid Rita (Abby Ford). After taking some pills she got from Stupid Brian, Susan arrives in Leeds and discovers Aunt Margaret wearing a bracelet that Ben gave her. 14"Driving Miss Crazy"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown5 October 2001 (2001-10-05)30 minutes11.00 millionJaney is revising for her driving test, while Ben is having problems with his neighbour Mr. Casey (Nickolas Grace) and his dog Gemma, who always fouls on the Harper's porch. Mr. Casey complains non-stop about Ben's scruffy shed, untidy garden and other things. Both Ben and Mr. Casey refuse to back down, and a huge war ensues. 15"I Second That Emulsion"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown12 October 2001 (2001-10-12)30 minutes11.16 millionSusan decides to redecorate the living room, and Stupid Brian offers to do the job, but Susan has problems deciding what colour to paint it. Meanwhile, Stupid Brian spends the night in Janey's room causing a dilemma for Ben and Susan, and Nick becomes a piano tuner and then gets a job in a paint shop, where he serves Ben. 16"The Age of Romance"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown19 October 2001 (2001-10-19)30 minutes11.22 millionNick gets a girlfriend called Amanda (Jan Francis), who is old enough to be his mother, and when Susan invites her round to dinner she finds out Amanda is married. Also, after Michael gets a new computer and Nick has his dinner with Amanda, Janey starts to feel like the "poor relation". 17"Get Cartier"Dewi HumphreysFred Barron26 October 2001 (2001-10-26)30 minutes11.05 millionWhen Ben gets a new patient called Mr. Smith (Michael Attwell), he suspects that he is an "underworld kingpin", although Mr. Smith says his business is "organised dance and waste removal". However, Ben soon starts to get suspicious when he receives lots of gifts, and when Susan finds one of them, a Cartier watch, she thinks Ben has bought it for their upcoming 23rd wedding anniversary. 18"’Tis A Pity She’s A Whore"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida2 November 2001 (2001-11-02)30 minutes11.06 millionWhen Susan's mother (Avril Elgar) rings and says she's dying again, Janey goes to visit her. She then tells Janey that her mother Mary was a prostitute, which shocks Ben as Susan never told him. Meanwhile, Michael is standing in the school elections as a Conservative, much to Ben's annoyance as he claims it is a "Labour household", but Michael does manage to get Ben a park bench with his name on it. 19"The Last Supper"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida9 November 2001 (2001-11-09)30 minutes12.54 millionScott Tailor (Mac McDonald), Susan's new American boss, comes round for dinner. After arguing with him about his new ideas, which includes her dressing up as a Beatle, she trigers his acid reflux so he has to sleep in their bed overnight. When he then dies in his sleep, Susan thinks she argued him to death and goes to a priest (Andy Greenhalgh) to confess. Meanwhile, Nick dates a policewoman (Kaye Wragg). 20"Ben Wants To Be A Millionaire"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida23 November 2001 (2001-11-23)30 minutes11.22 millionBen and Susan go out to dinner with a multi-millionaire old school friend of his, Andy Banks (Daniel Hill), and his young wife Ambyr (Kim Ross), who is going in for cosmetic surgery. After taking advice from Andy, both Ben and Susan invest in the stock market. Meanwhile, Susan is learning Russian for a new tour group, Janey wants some Prada shoes and Nick tries out two new jobs: selling his organs on eBay, and being a sperm donor. 21"Breakable"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown30 November 2001 (2001-11-30)30 minutes11.15 millionSusan finds ￡1255 in Nick's trousers, and Nick uses this to buy a motorcycle so he can form a motorcycle stunt display team called The League of Mentalmen. His first performance is at the Peterborough Rock Festival, where he gets injured when he launches himself off a ramp and hits a cow and ends up in hospital with a broken arm, leg, three broken ribs and whiplash. Susan visits Nick and persuades Ben to act fatherly to his son, making him converse with Nick and give him his beloved childhood toy, Sir Edworth Tedworth. She also tries to make Ben confess to Nick that he loves him. Meanwhile, Janey gets a job as a waitress in Soho and hopes to be discovered by film producers, but ends up being fired. [edit] Series Three (2002)Main article: My Family (series 3)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership22"Absent Vixen, Cheeky Monkey"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown6 September 2002 (2002-09-06)30 minutes8.56 millionAfter Janey leaves home to go to Manchester University, Ben and Susan fight for who will get her room, Susan begins to miss Janey too much and begins to bug Ben about it every night. Meanwhile, Nick gets a job as a shelf stacker at a supermarket called Freshfair and brings his work home with him, while Michael is reading The Art of War by Sun Tzu. 23"Shrink Rap"Dewi HumphreysFred Barron and Sophie Hetherington13 September 2002 (2002-09-13)30 minutes8.28 millionSusan 'finds' a letter in Michael's room from the school about an 'Auction of Promises', which he had hidden because he finds his parents embarrassing. However, Ben and Susan go to the Auction anyway, with Susan donating a tour and Ben donating a dental session. Susan bids for everything, including a counselling session, which she and Ben then attend. 24"Desperately Squeaking Susan"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown20 September 2002 (2002-09-20)30 minutes8.23 millionFollowing Janey's absence, Susan feels a void and needs female company, so she invites the daughter of Ben's cousin, Abi (Siobhan Hayes), who has just started at Art College in London, round for dinner. However, they end up in Casualty when Abi puts her hand through a window. Susan then invites Abi to come and live with them, much to Ben's annoyance. Meanwhile, Nick becomes a magician under the name Brian Miles while Susan plays the cello. 25"Of Mice And Ben"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida27 September 2002 (2002-09-27)30 minutes8.12 millionBen and Susan agree that Abi can make a film of them for her film class, to portray a "typical married couple". Meanwhile, there is a rat which seems to survive every trap set for it. It is eventually found to be nestled in the basement where it comes face to face with Ben, whose terrified reaction is caught on camera by Abi who then sells it to a TV programme called When Animals Attack. 26"Imperfect Strangers"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown3 October 2002 (2002-10-03)30 minutes7.34 millionAfter getting a call of distress from Janey, Ben and Susan drive up to Manchester where they discover they are not needed after all, so they decide to stay in Maythorne Metrolodge on the M62. Once there they decide to pretend to be strangers under the names Delores DeLarge and Johnny Studd, and meet for the first time. Meanwhile, Abi invites her boyfriend Michael (Matthew Ashforde) round, and the other Michael tells lies to make sure he leaves, leaving Abi furious. 27"The Second Greatest Story Ever Told"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida10 October 2002 (2002-10-10)30 minutes8.14 millionSusan auditions for the community theatre's nativity play, but ends up with the role of shepherd number two, while Nick is given the part of Jesus, but she soon tries to expand her character. Abi has a new job at a coffee shop, where Michael finds out his date Sophie (Sydney Stevenson) is seeing someone else. Meanwhile, Ben is writing a speech for the Central London Dental Association, and very reluctantly has to go to the dentist. He arrives to find his dentist, old mentor Roger Bailey, has died and been replaced by his son Roger Bailey, Jr (Keiron Self), who treats him like a toddler. 28"Waiting to Inhale"Dewi HumphreysFred Barron17 October 2002 (2002-10-17)30 minutes6.16 millionAfter finding a cannabis cigarette in Michael's bedroom, which he had got from a friend called Bex (Gemma Gregory), Susan and Ben decide to smoke it themselves as an example to their children. However, after their high Ben and Susan realise they have to make up another cigarette using expired parsley, so they can have a word with Michael. 29"Misery"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons24 October 2002 (2002-10-24)30 minutes8.57 millionSusan goes to stay with Janey at University and is determined to relive her own student days. Meanwhile, Ben has hurt his ankle but still insists on playing golf with his 90-year-old friend Gerald Dearden (Hugh Lloyd), and Nick becomes a female impersonator. 30"Auto Erotica"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida7 November 2002 (2002-11-07)30 minutes7.94 millionSusan wants a romantic weekend in Dorset for her and Ben's 26th wedding anniversary. However, after Nick wins an 72 MG Roadster car in a poker game, Ben is more concerned about fixing it up. Also, Michael accidentally ends up with a pair of knickers which belong to Abi, who he fancies. 31"A Handful of Dust"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown21 November 2002 (2002-11-21)30 minutes7.82 millionBen is upset when everyone ignores his birthday, although he told them not to make a fuss. After much pestering from Susan, Janey comes down from university for Ben's birthday, and brings with her a friend called Kate (Catherine Bailey), and the two seem to be lesbians. Nick becomes a gorilla-gram. 32"The Lost Weekend"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown28 November 2002 (2002-11-28)30 minutes7.23 millionAfter Michael leaves for a Higher Maths Fun Weekend, Ben and Susan have the house to themselves. Susan's perfect weekend includes looking for antiques and going to the Tate Modern, while Ben's is to relax and do nothing at home or to go to the cinema. Ben tries to teach Susan to relax, but in the end they just end up annoying each other. 33"Ghosts"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons5 December 2002 (2002-12-05)30 minutes7.68 millionAfter signing up on oldpals.com, Susan gets a bunch of flowers from Kirk Mason (Michael Simkins), who dumped her 28 years previously, and with Janey's help she gets her revenge on him. Meanwhile, Michael finds out their house is cursed and Abi becomes convinced the house is haunted. While Nick becomes an exorcist and a taxi driver. 34"One Flew Out of the Cuckoo’s Nest"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida12 December 2002 (2002-12-12)30 minutes7.24 millionBen finally gets so fed up with Nick after he breaks and sells his record collection that he tells Nick to move out. Nick eventually moves out, much to Susan's horror. He gets a job at Ben's local pub, but he is still not totally independent. Also, Michael tries to get fit for a girl called Julia (Katie Hudson). [edit] Christmas Special (2002)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership35"Ding Dong Merrily"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown25 December 2002 (2002-12-25)30 minutes8.57 millionWhen Janey comes home for Christmas, she's pregnant and Susan wants to know who the father is. However, Janey refuses to tell her, but does tell Ben, who then lies to Susan about the father. Meanwhile, Nick starts a Christmas tree business and then invites round Mr Bradley (Trevor Peacock), an "old person", for Christmas Day. Also, when Susan cooks the turkey with chocolate and raisins, everyone decides they are vegetarians. [edit] Series Four (2003)Main article: My Family (series 4)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership36"Fitting Punishment"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown21 March 2003 (2003-03-21)30 minutes8.77 millionFollowing the death of Mr Beamish, who owned the surgery above Ben's, Roger Bailey Jnr, the son of Ben's former mentor, tries to buy it, but Ben lies and tells him someone else has bought it, so Roger buys the surgery below instead. Meanwhile, Susan tries to make the house baby-friendly for Janey's yet-to-be-born baby, and then has problems with the plumbers. Nick becomes a film extra, Michael becomes obsessed with the Army cadets and Roger falls for Abi as soon as he sees her. 37"They Shoot Harpers, Don’t They?"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown28 March 2003 (2003-03-28)30 minutes9.76 millionSusan tricks Ben into joining a modern Latin dance class, but Ben dances better than her. They both then get Roger, who dances "like Fred Astaire", to teach them privately so they can enter a competition at the end of the month. Meanwhile, after getting a 'B' in a Maths test, Michael decides to stop thinking about girls so he can focus on his studies. Guest starring Jacey Sallés and Georgie Glen. 38"The Great Escape"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida4 April 2003 (2003-04-04)30 minutes10.17 millionWhen Susan's mother Grace (Rosemary Leach) invites herself round for dinner, Ben invents an excuse and goes to Nick's apartment for the evening. When he returns, he does not realise Grace is in his bed and nearly makes love to her thinking that she is Susan. The following day, they all end up at Nick's to avoid Grace. Also, Susan finds a condom in Michael's wallet. 39"Return of the Prodigal Prat"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida11 April 2003 (2003-04-11)30 minutes9.56 millionAfter Ben is listed in the obituaries of newspaper The Herald, he takes it as the perfect excuse to do nothing, while neighbour Mr Gleason (Paul Hunter) sets his sights on 'widowed' Susan and Michael has to write a eulogy. Meanwhile, Susan wants to make Nick's old bedroom into a nursery for Janey's yet-to-be-born baby, but Nick has plans to move back in. 40"Owed to Susan"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida18 April 2003 (2003-04-18)30 minutes8.57 millionThanks to Roger, Susan finds out that a poem that Ben wrote her while they were courting was actually Your Face by Jalal ad-Din Rumi. Susan then refuses to make love to him until he's written another one, and he even goes to Abi's poetry class to try and write another one. Meanwhile, Nick takes part in an experiment that makes him lose his memory. Guest starring Frances Barber. 41"Deliverance"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons25 April 2003 (2003-04-25)30 minutes7.32 millionAfter Janey goes into labour while on the phone to Susan, she and Ben rush up to Manchester to be at her side. On the journey up there they recall Nick's birth, and when they get to St. Margaret's Hospital in Manchester, an unseen Janey has given birth to a baby boy, who is later named Kenzo. 42"Blind Justice"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons2 May 2003 (2003-05-02)30 minutes8.31 millionSusan gets hysterical blindness after seeing Michael in bed with a girl called Fiona (Rachel Harvey), and it will not go until Michael says nothing happened. Meanwhile, Ben is on jury duty and is hassled by a busybody fellow juror called Joanna Elton-Johns (Sylvestra Le Touzel), and Nick becomes a "wrapping artist" and wraps everything up in brown paper. 43"Friday the 31st"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown9 May 2003 (2003-05-09)30 minutes8.47 millionIt's Halloween and Susan has turned the family home into a "house of horror" and dressed up as a witch, but Ben is much less enthusiastic. They are plagued by a group of children (Dani Harmer, Andrew Henry and Hannah Bridges) doing trick or treat, and strange things begin to happen. Also, Abi is dressed as a piece of cheese and Roger is a ghost (a white sheet, actually).. 44"Sitting Targets"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown16 May 2003 (2003-05-16)30 minutes9.89 millionBen and Susan baby-sit Kenzo for Janey, but Susan becomes annoyed when she discovers that she is the only who is unable to stop Kenzo from crying. Meanwhile, Michael wants Ben to read his Geography project, but when Ben can't be bothered. He agrees to do a UFO watch with Michael instead, and Nick is dating three girls at the same time. 45"Loco Parentis"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons23 May 2003 (2003-05-23)30 minutes6.79 millionBen and Susan are forced to attend parenting classes by Michael's head teacher (Owen Brenman) after he plays truant from school, and Susan is told that she is too interventionist, so she tries to become laid back like Ben, but Michael actually misses the authority. Meanwhile, Roger tries to become more hard and tough so Abi will go out with him. 46"The Canary Cage"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown30 May 2003 (2003-05-30)30 minutes6.72 millionAfter Susan gets a free holiday for four, she, Ben, Nick and Michael all go to Lanzarote in Spain. However, Ben's luggage gets lost, and then all his credit cards and money are stolen and he is forced to beg to Nick for money. Ben also upsets the people in the next house (Henrieta Baines, Christopher Ryan and Cressida Whyte) by accindentally taking indecent photos with his new digital camera. Meanwhile, Michael spends most of his time out.. 47"May the Best Man Win"Dewi HumphreysGeorgia Pritchett6 June 2003 (2003-06-06)30 minutes7.28 millionAbi's father, Ben's cousin, Richard Harper (Anthony Head) is getting married for a fifth time, to 18-year-old Gina Beresford and he asks Ben to be the best man, which means Ben has to organise the stag night. The wedding makes Abi annoyed, especially as Gina Beresford was at the same school as her. Meanwhile, when Michael refuses to do the washing-up, no one else does it either. 48"It’s A Window Filled Life"Dewi HumphreysFred Barron and Sophie Hetherington13 June 2003 (2003-06-13)30 minutes6.61 millionRoger goes to the Harpers saying that one of his patients had got an infectious disease from Peru called "Ortiz River Fever", so Susan puts the whole house under quarantine. Michael stays upstairs with Fiona, while Nick tries to get in the house with a pregnant python called Pamela. Meanwhile, Ben manages to escape the house, meets a man called Clarence (Leslie Randall) and then has an epiphany where he does not exist. Guest starring Russ Abbot. [edit] Christmas Special (2003)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership49"Sixty Feet Under"Jay SandrichJames Hendrie and Ian Brown25 December 2003 (2003-12-25)30 minutes8.66 millionBen, Susan, Nick and Michael are on the tube after doing some Christmas shopping, and due to signalling problems the train cannot move. Michael gets a girlfriend called Claire (Sydney Stevenson), Nick makes money by selling bottled water and Susan starts decorating the carriage. Abi, Roger, and an Albanian man (Samuel Gough) are busking as a Romanian folk band, while Nick brings Richard Whiteley to see Ben and Susan. However, when the problem is fixed, the driver (Nigel Lindsay) refuses to move on until Susan, who was rude to him, apologises. Meanwhile, Ben, dying for a drink, tries to steal the drunk man’s booze whilst everyone in the carriage is asleep. [edit] Series Five (2004)Main article: My Family (series 5)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership50"Reloaded"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons12 March 2004 (2004-03-12)30 minutes7.50 millionSusan is lying in bed, bored and depressed, with a broken leg, after Ben accidentally reversed the car into her. When Ben comes upstairs to see how she is they end up discussing their family, which depresses them both. They start arguing when Ben surprises her with a box of Turkish Delight, which he didn’t know, she hates. The topic of conversation changes numerous times as they both discuss Nick, Janey and Michael and also reminisce on the arrival of Abi and Roger’s pathetic attempts at asking her out. When Ben gets bored and decides to go downstairs he finds he can’t, as his back as gone thus he and Susan are both stuck. 51"The Mummy Returns"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown19 March 2004 (2004-03-19)30 minutes9.17 millionJaney returns home, having being thrown out of Manchester University, but tells Ben and Susan she dropped out. However, Susan soon finds out that the Police are looking for her, and then Susan lies when they turn up at the house, but it turns out the policeman (Gareth Ferdinando) turns out to be an old flame. Also, Janey moves into her own flat, to the delight of Ben. Meanwhile, Michael goes religious with a new friend called Hubert (Alex Dawson) and Abi gets involved in naturism thanks to Ben’s misguided advice and the fact that he held back information for his own amusement. Also, Ben offers some fatherly advice when it is not needed. 52"You Don’t Know Jack"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons26 March 2004 (2004-03-26)30 minutes7.69 millionMichael gets a 'cool' new friend called Jack (Michael Obiora), who gives Michael street cred while he does Jack's homework to his mother’s disgust. Jack gets a crush on Susan, which Michael encourages, while Ben simply focuses on the fact that he shares an interest in football and Slade with Jack. However, Jack’s interest in Susan begins to bother her up until Ben points out what a life with Susan means � this soon puts him off. Meanwhile, someone’s going on a double date, Janey’s sharing her fashion tips with Abi, even though she couldn’t care less and Michael enjoys being part of the cool crowd although he’s not enjoying the additional work. 53"What’s Up, Docklands?"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown2 April 2004 (2004-04-02)30 minutes7.24 millionBen and Susan flat-sit for their friends Geoff (Simon Kunz) and Stephanie (Caroline Loncq) in the London Docklands, whilst they go on holiday. They have problems with the technology, get lost while looking for the pizza man (Toby Sedgwick), set fire to the TV whilst smashing up the rest of the flat looking for the toilet. Ben then decides that they could swap all the broken stuff from their flat with the unsold flat downstairs but Susan disagrees. When the pizza finally arrives, Ben cannot unlock the door, so the pizza man pushes it through the letter box however it is cold, so Ben heats it up, but it catches fire and they have to throw it out of the window. They later ring up their friends and pretend that there has been a break in and that they got tied up to escape the blame. 54"Luck Be A Lady Tonight"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown16 April 2004 (2004-04-16)30 minutes7.63 millionRoger becomes depressed when Abi starts going out with a man called Steve (Ben Homewood), so Ben and Susan try and help Roger get a girlfriend so he can make Abi jealous. However, Roger ends up with an escort girl (Lucy Punch) who charges him two hundred pounds an hour. Meanwhile, Abi is being mistreated by her boyfriend as he is making her clean his house and clean out the drains. Also, Michael gets the house valued and starts to show people around much to his parents’ disbelief, whilst Roger reveals that he actually likes using escorts because there is absolutely no commitment, which suits him just fine. Ben and Susan soon realise that they must try and protect Roger. 55"First Past The Post"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown23 April 2004 (2004-04-23)30 minutes7.58 millionFollowing the death of their local councillor, Susan attempts to stand as an independent candidate in the by-election. She starts to work on the issues of street hygiene and speed bumps. She later suggests changes her middle name to the more statesman, like 'Barrington'. Meanwhile, Roger wins The Times crossword again, so Ben then tries to do the same thing but ends up massively disappointed until the name Harper finally appears in the winners column � the only thing is that Roger’s entered his crossword under the name Abi Harper. Also, Michael loses his pet tarantula called Nicola to everybody’s annoyance. 56"My Will Be Done"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons30 April 2004 (2004-04-30)30 minutes6.05 millionFollowing the death of Susan's best friend Linda, she thinks about mortality. A website that she checks then gives Ben sixty-seven weeks to live, so he decides to write a will and makes Roger Michael's guardian if Ben dies. Also, Nick comes back from travelling on the Circle Line for six months, and gets a job as an Official Mourner at a local undertakers, which he loses when he steals a coffin, crashes three hearses and embalms his own leg. Meanwhile, Janey plans to be a rich woman and Abi becomes a rich woman when Ben reveals that he is going to leave everything to her when he dies. 57"My Fair Charlady"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida7 May 2004 (2004-05-07)30 minutes8.13 millionSusan gets fed up with doing all the housework, so she hires a super-efficient cleaner called Martha (Vicki Pepperdine). However, Susan soon feels redundant and much to Ben's annoyance, she says Martha has to go, which means that Ben has the job of firing her but when he finds out that Susan has been deliberately messing up the house he decides to keep her on. Meanwhile, Michael gets interested in football to impress a girl and Abi learns the dictionary, with Roger’s help, to get a job at the college library. Also, Ben hires Martha so that she can clean his surgery however when Susan finds out he is forced the sack her again, so Roger hires her. 58"The Mouth Trap"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons14 May 2004 (2004-05-14)30 minutes6.53 millionMr. Addis (Gerard Horan), a patient of Ben's, confesses to murdering his wife (Suzanne Burden) while under sedation so Susan uses her new found interest in Inspector Morse to prove he committed the crime much to Ben’s dismay. Also, Michael claims his new girlfriend (Ulla van Zeller) is a supermodel, although nobody believes him. Meanwhile, Susan’s investigation gets out of hand when she ropes Abi in and breaks into Mr. Addis’s house. However, the pair are confronted by his wife who sits them down and eventually breaks conversation with them. She reveals that her husband has problems with crime dramas. She admits that he has been watching A Touch of Frost much to often. 59"While You Weren’t Sleeping"Dewi HumphreysDarin Henry21 May 2004 (2004-05-21)30 minutes7.40 millionBen's snoring starts to keep Susan awake so as first attempt at getting him to stop she sews tennis balls to the back of his top but Ben simply refuses to wear it, so they sleep in separate rooms, which puts the whole house under pressure. Meanwhile, Abi begins to think that she is the course of Ben and Susan’s unhappiness whilst a chat to with Ben seems to only confirm her worst fears. Also, Janey becomes a personal shopper for the other family members and changes Michael and Abi's wardrobes against their will. But something weird is about to conclude all the mayhem � Ben is about to display some happiness. 60"Dentist To The Stars"Dewi HumphreysJames Cary28 May 2004 (2004-05-28)30 minutes4.48 millionColin Judd (Peter Capaldi), a famous Hollywood actor, comes to Ben's surgery much to his delight. But before his second visit Ben hurts his back, and Roger gets all his famous patients including Jude Law and Kevin Spacey, and is invited to a special celebrity party to celebrate the film wrap which leaves Ben distraught. Meanwhile, when Susan is sacked as tour guide she reapplies to maintain her pride but finds that she has to revise first, and Michael is doing history coursework. Also, Ben struggles to get around the house when everybody leaves him alone in his paralysed state � all he wants is a glass of water � but has everyone actually left? 61"A Wife Less Ordinary"Dewi HumphreysSophie Hetherington4 June 2004 (2004-06-04)30 minutes4.98 millionWhen Susan gets bored with her predictable life, she finds herself life swapping with Janey for a week. With Susan living at Janey's flat and Janey moving into the Harper household trouble isn’t that distant. Ben then moves into his surgery and he and Susan recreate their first date, whilst Janey goes mad pretending she is a housewife with an imaginary husband much to Michael and Abi’s fear. Also, Abi brings her boyfriend, Michael,air max, around but he soon leaves after hearing some poisonous rumours about Abi from Michael. Meanwhile, Ben struggles to enjoy his people-free life style and soon wants to return home but does Susan? 62"The Book of Love"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida11 June 2004 (2004-06-11)30 minutes5.19 millionSusan joins a book club started by her neighbour, John Griffin (Paul Bradley), but when it turns out to consist of him and Susan, she begins to worry. Then he tries to seduce her, but she goes back a second time so she doesn't have to admit she was wrong, as Ben told her what Griffin would do. Meanwhile, Roger buys some very expensive Coldplay tickets from Michael to impress Abi but loses them and has to buy some more however Abi soon twigs what is happening and threatens Michael who then pretends to have found Roger’s lost tickets, and Janey becomes Ben's dental assistant and takes Kenzo (Thomas and Noah Davis) to work with her much to Ben’s annoyance. 63"Going Dental"Dewi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown18 June 2004 (2004-06-18)30 minutes5.62 millionWhen Susan refuses to go to Ben's dental conference at an expensive hotel because she is trying to write a novel, Janey goes instead. Everyone thinks Janey is Ben's mistress, and Ben goes along with this so he can get an important business partnership. Abi also goes to the conference to be with Roger, and Susan, Michael and Hubert soon end up there as well leading to a hectic few hours for Ben. The trouble then gets more intense as Janey reveals to Susan that Ben wanted her to pretend to be his mistress which leaves Susan in a foul mood. Also, Ben tries to get Abi to pretend to be his mistress but Roger isn’t going to let her. Guest starring Windsor Davies. [edit] Specials (2004-2005)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership64"Glad Tidings We Bring"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons (story)Andrea Solomons, James Hendrie and Ian Brown (teleplay)24 December 2004 (2004-12-24)50 minutes8.91 millionJaney gets engaged to Ches Rochester (Danny Webb), a nightclub owner who is old enough to be her father, whom she has only known 10 days, but a psychic told her she would meet the love of her life at a wedding. They marry two weeks later at his house and Susan is worried about Ben giving the "father of the bride" speech. Meanwhile, Michael's girlfriend Molly (Verity Dearsley) is into long-term plans. At the wedding, Grace and Ches's father (Freddie Davies) dance together, while Michael and Hubert sell the wedding presents on eBay. But, shortly after marrying, Janey goes off with a waiter calls Lars (Mathew Bose) and asks for a divorce. Meanwhile, Nick is sending videos to Ben and Susan claiming to be destitute in the Far East and asks for money. Guest starring Edna Doré. X1"The Erroneous Storm"Demi HumphreysJames Hendrie and Ian Brown11 March 2005 (2005-03-11)5 minutes10.94 millionComic Relief Special: There is a thunderstorm going on, and after being scared Michael and Janey join Ben and Susan in their bedroom. They are soon joined by Nick who, thanks to now being a party reviewer, brings with him Adam Hart-Davis, Anthony Head, Myleene Klass, Nell McAndrew, Dermot Murnaghan, Clive Russell and Jamie Theakston. 65"...And I'll Cry If I Want To"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson and Paul Minett25 December 2005 (2005-12-25)50 minutes5.85 millionSusan is organising a third birthday for Kenzo (Tayler Marshall), partly to make up for the fact she got forgot Janey's third birthday, and wants Janey to bring the father. She wants to hire an expensive clown, but Ben secretly asks Roger to do it instead. However, on the day, Christmas Eve, Roger gets drunk so Ben has to do it instead. Meanwhile, Welsh musician Alfie Butts (Rhodri Meilir), a friend of Nick's, turns up and Susan insists he stay. Ben finds a ￡1200 ring which he thinks is for him from Susan, but is actually from Grace to her toyboy (John Burgess), so he goes out and buys Susan a ￡1200 first edition of Mrs Dalloway. Also, Michael gets a Christmas job as a postman and Abi becomes a beautician. [edit] Series Six (2006)Main article: My Family (series 6)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership66"Bliss For Idiots"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson and Paul Minett10 March 2006 (2006-03-10)30 minutes7.17 millionBen is unhappy with his patients, as they seem to be all lower class rough non-private money-grabbing peasants, but is even less happy with Susan's book-writing houseguest who is the complete opposite. Dr Buck, is the kind of person you would cross the street to avoid, in Ben’s eyes but to Susan he is nearing on a God - a God of self-help. However, when he comes to stay with them Ben soon begins to discover than perhaps Dr Buck’s calm tranquillity isn’t quite what it seems and Susan soon finds another side to him. Ben’s latest patient suggests that he joins his secret organisation as it may have the answer. Also, Roger speaks the Welsh to Abi and Alfie joins in. 67"The Spokes Person"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson, Paul Minett, Bert Tyler-Moore, George Jeffrie and Tess Morris17 March 2006 (2006-03-17)30 minutes7.42 millionBen starts a one-man anti-cycling campaign, which causes chaos in the household. He also appears on a radio show in an attempt to get people to support him however; all he manages to do is aggravate the whole cyclist population of London and have his house egged. Meanwhile, Susan makes a great effort towards her fund-raising idea by getting Michael to take photos of semi-naked men to form a calendar. Unfortunately she doesn’t check the pictures before sending them off to the printers. Also, Roger takes Abi to see Gordon Ramsey but to everybody else’s misfortune she has picked up some new cooking phrases. 68"Dentally Unstable"Dewi HumphreysAndrea Solomons31 March 2006 (2006-03-31)30 minutes6.41 millionWith Ben away on a two-week conference, Janey starts an affair with a replacement dentist whose charm captivates the rest of the females in the Harper household. When Susan attempts to put a stop to the new dentist and Janey he simply flatters her so she returns happy. Next its Grace’s turn but even she finds it hard to ignore his flattering one-liners. Even Abi is under to his spell to Roger’s disgust. Meanwhile, Michael's latest scam involves the aid of everyone, but will they help him out? Alfie’s reluctance to get involved causes Michael to threaten him with an ultimatum � either he takes part or he will tell ever one what he looks at on the internet. 69"Living The Dream"Dewi HumphreysTom Leopold7 April 2006 (2006-04-07)30 minutes6.28 millionBen and Susan join a pyramid selling scheme on Roger's advice even though he didn’t receive any of his money through the scheme. Upon asking Michael’s advice, he says don’t touch it but Ben and Susan know better, don’t they? Meanwhile, Roger buys himself some special treats and Ben finds himself getting extremely jealous as he cannot shift any of his stock. When Roger buys himself a convertible, Ben finds himself questioning Roger’s profits or rather, from whence they came. Also the family is suffering from the effects of a broken boiler, occasional power cuts and Ben’s dreams of having a champagne breakfast for the first time in his life. 70"An Embarrassment of Susans"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida14 April 2006 (2006-04-14)30 minutes6.10 millionBen buys the house next door to help with the family finances, but ends up involved in a "squatter's rights" dilemma but its alright. Perhaps he should just palm it off on Roger � that sounds fair, doesn’t it? However, when Susan finds out she demands that Ben should help Roger get his house back, so Ben, Roger and Alfie break in only to find out that it’s Style Squad, a television show. Meanwhile, Susan tries to fix Michael up with a new girlfriend called Suzanne, but the similarity is not limited to the name. However, Michael cannot see the similarity but Ben can and it appears to be scarring him ever so slightly. 71"And Other Animals"Dewi HumphreysTom Leopold21 April 2006 (2006-04-21)30 minutes6.17 millionWith Nick still away, Michael joining the Army, and Janey getting her stuff out of the attic, Susan is feeling deserted. Even Ben and Alfie don’t seem to be a comfort. However, a stray dog offers a little comfort but unfortunately it becomes man’s best friend however, perhaps it shouldn’t have chosen Ben as that man. Meanwhile, Michael attempts to hide his entire platoon in the attic, Ben attempts to get a priceless teddy bear back from the charity shop after donating it by accident and somebody is about to have a spout of bad luck and amazingly it isn’t Ben. Also, somebody’s looking for Michael, and all his comrades. 72"The Art of Being Susan"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson and Paul Minett28 April 2006 (2006-04-28)30 minutes6.22 millionWith Ben away again, a wealthy art collector called James Garrett invites Susan to dinner after her boss tells her to do anything to sell art. After contemplating taking him to Alton Towers, she decides to let him make the move with a little nudging. Meanwhile her mother, Grace, is gathering a collection of her own but only appears to be collecting men � however she misjudges how deaf one of them is and ends up with losing them all. Also, Roger is summoning up the courage to pop the question to Abi, it’s just a shame that she can’t she where is continuous stuttering is leading. When Roger finally does pop the question, Abi faints. [edit] Christmas Special (2006)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership73"The Heart of Christmas"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson and Paul Minett25 December 2006 (2006-12-25)50 minutes5.09 millionBen pretends to be ill to get out of Christmas, but when Susan insists he go to the doctor, they decide to run tests because of high blood pressure. Ben then enjoys his private room, but he is soon sent to a NHS ward, as it is soon discovered that his private health insurance has expired. The tests reveal that he needs an operation and during this he dreams that Susan is God. Meanwhile Abi, who is now engaged to Roger, wants a baby, Janey is having problems getting Kenzo's Christmas present and Alfie makes a special brew which he tells Michael will make them irresistible to women. Guest starring Roy Heather, Jeremy Child and Clive Russell. [edit] Series Seven (2007)Main article: My Family (series 7)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership74"The Ego Has Landed"Dewi HumphreysTom Anderson6 April 2007 (2007-04-06)30 minutes6.65 millionBen and Susan have dinner with Les and Clare Morton, who they met in Corfu, who ask Ben to be a sperm donor for them, something that increases Ben's ego. However, Dr. Kent Hawthorne (Jeremy Clyde) tells Ben that his sperm are "too lazy." Meanwhile, Janey is horrified when Kenzo's father, Mark Jameson, arrives and says that he now wants to be part of Kenzo's life. Janey is then upset when Kenzo calls Mark's wife, Linda, his "new Mummy", and she stops Mark from seeing Kenzo, until Susan persuades her otherwise. Abi has a dream that Roger cheated on her and later dreams that she has slept with Orlando Bloom. 75"Four Affairs and a Funeral"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida13 April 2007 (2007-04-13)30 minutes5.58 millionHenry (Eric Sykes), an elderly patient of Ben's, comes to the surgery for treatment and confesses that he is unhappy in his marriage; he feels that his wife, at the age of 42, might be a tad too old for him, so he has started an affair with a much younger woman. However, Henry soon dies in the surgery chair and leaves Ben in a very sticky situation � a situation that Roger isn’t too pleased about being roped into either. Soon, Ben finds himself comforting the wife of Henry but even sooner, he finds himself being dragged into the world of Henry’s other woman. Meanwhile, Susan is getting suspicious and follows Ben to the funeral much to his dismay. 76"Once More With Feeling"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida20 April 2007 (2007-04-20)30 minutes5.64 millionSusan suggests to Ben that they renew their wedding vows, but he is reluctant and when he is given director's tickets for a football match, they have to find a compromise that allows both to happen on the same day. Meanwhile, Janey is trying to getting Kenzo into St. Justin's School, and to do so has to impress the Vicar, Denis, who soon asks Janey out, but later goes off her after a conversation with Susan. However, he still agrees to recommend Kenzo for the school. Also, Abi and Roger decide to marry on a Saturday and Ben’s not-so-innocent chat with Kenzo leads to him grassing up Ben and consequently Susan stopping him from going to the football match. 77"Dutch Art and Dutch Courage"Dewi HumphreysSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida27 April 2007 (2007-04-27)30 minutes5.72 millionSusan is going away for the weekend with a millionaire James Garrett (Robert Bathurst) on an art-buying trip, which makes Ben jealous. At the hotel it is discovered that James's assistant forgot to book him a room, so he and Susan have to share a twin room. Meanwhile, Michael experiences his first failure when he fails his driving test. The following day Ben drives him to his university interview, and on the way buys Michael his first pint, which results in him throwing up all over the professor. Also, Janey hurts her neck at the gym and Alfie gives her an amazing massage which she then recommends to Abi resulting in a rather jealous Roger. 78"Susan of Troy"Dewi HumphreysEd Dyson4 May 2007 (2007-05-04)30 minutes6.48 millionSusan's mother Grace visits, and tells them she has got married on holiday to Brad. Soon after Ben, Susan, Michael, Janey, Alfie, Grace, Brad, Abi and Roger appear on a family edition of The Weakest Link, presented by Anne Robinson, after Michael applied to go on. Abi is voted off first, followed by Roger, Brad and Janey. Before Grace is voted off, she reveals on air that in 1973 a drunken Susan married a wrestler called Troy the Punisher in Las Vegas. Susan is then voted off, followed by a furious Ben, who demands to know what happened. Susan tells him the marriage was annulled after one day. In the head to head, Alfie beats Michael to win the ￡3000 prize money. 79"One of the Boys"Dewi HumphreysDavid Cantor11 May 2007 (2007-05-11)30 minutes6.76 millionBen's old University friend, Charlie Briggs (Diana Weston) arrives and when he arrives Ben faints as it is revealed Charlie has had a sex change and is now a woman. She asks Ben to give her away at her forthcoming wedding, but his initial reluctance sees Susan agree to give her away instead. Meanwhile, Roger's mother Nerys Bailey (Olwen Rees) arrives from Wales to meet Abi. She treats Roger like a child, and says that as a wedding present she is buying them a house next to hers in Wales. Susan has to force Roger to tell his mother he does not want to live next to her. Janey needs ￡10,000 so she can buy a share in a vintage clothing company, but the bank refuses her a loan. 80"Abi Ever After"Dewi HumphreysGeorge Jeffrie and Bert Tyler-Moore18 May 2007 (2007-05-18)30 minutes5.86 millionThe day before Roger and Abi's wedding, Ben and Susan hold a party. Abi's mother Shelley (Lorraine Chase), who has been married several times, tries to make a pass at Ben. Meanwhile, Michael and Alfie try to chat up a girl, and both tell her the other is gay. On the wedding day, Ben is best man and Janey is bridesmaid. It is also Janey's birthday, and her boyfriend Steve dumps her over the phone. When taking their vows, Abi says she cannot marry Roger, and tells Susan that she fears she will end up like her mother. However, Susan talks her round and Abi and Roger marry. 81"Breaking Up Ain’t Hard To Do"Dewi HumphreysBrian Leveson and Paul Minett25 May 2007 (2007-05-25)30 minutes5.57 millionBen and Susan's oldest friends, Ted and Joanna Draper (Geoffrey McGivern and Emma Amos), are having marriage problems and Ben and Susan soon get involved. They then argue themselves about what in the house belongs to who. Meanwhile, Janey wants Kenzo to appear in a television advert for breakfast cereal, but pulls him out just before the audition as she begins to feel guilty that she isn’t giving Kenzo a choice and is then offered a part herself. Michael tries unsuccessfully to make Alfie a Internet musical star but due to Alfie’s stage fright, even though the only other person in the room is Michael, prevents his debut. 82"Life Begins At Fifty"Dewi HumphreysGeorge Jeffrie and Bert Tyler-Moore8 June 2007 (2007-06-08)30 minutes4.84 millionSusan is arrested for stealing a pair of ￡250 sunglasses, at the same as she is going through the menopause. However, she refuses to accept that this has caused her to forget to pay for them. When the case goes to court Ben defends her and tries to persuade the Court that the stealing was a result of the menopause. The Judge (Nichola McAuliffe) dismisses the case and gives Susan advice on the menopause much to Susan’s disgust. Meanwhile, Alfie takes Kenzo to the park for Janey and meets a girl called Melanie, and later pretends Kenzo is his son and Janey his ex-wife � but can he convince Janey to play along? [edit] Christmas Special (2007)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership83"Ho Ho No"Baz TaylorTom Anderson26 December 2007 (2007-12-26)60 minutes6.14 millionSusan tells Ben that she has planned his perfect Christmas, a quiet stay at a country hotel without the children. However, she has secretly invited the whole family, and Alfie turns up with his strange uncle and Michael brings his Communist girlfriend Gwen Amy Noble. Susan tries to ensure that Ben does not see the rest of the family, which proves difficult when Abi, who has become the hotel's massage therapist, has to give him a massage. Later that evening, Crystal, one of Ben's patient's who is stalking him, turns up saying her fiancee has just escaped from prison and is coming to kill Ben, and a mysterious man (John Challis) who says he is an actor playing Jacob Marley turns up. Susan and Ben then run round the hotel trying to hide from the fiancee, and soon Ben sees that the whole family is there. Gwen's father then turns up. Later, when Ben goes to Reception, the Police tell him that Crystal's fiancee has been caught. When he and the rest of the family go back into the main hall it has been mysteriously decorated and Christmas presents placed on the floor. [edit] Series Eight (2008)Main article: My Family (series 8)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership84"The Parent Trap"Baz TaylorBrian Leveson and Paul Minett11 April 2008 (2008-04-11)30 minutes5.56 millionBen is delighted when he takes delivery of a plasma television for his neighbour Mr. MacIntyre, who is on holiday. Michael tells his parents that Nikki (Ellie Beaven), his girlfriend, is pregnant. He wants to propose to her, but her deeply religious parents, the Bakers, dislike the idea but suggest they donate ￡20,000 for the child's upbringing. When Nikki's parents throw her out, she moves in with Michael. Shortly after they arrive to talk to Nikki, and the Harpers leave them alone in the lounge. After hearing nothing, they check on them to discover that the Bakers have stolen nearly everything. Also, Janey is dating widowed Daniel and is determined that Kenzo and Daniel's son Joshua should get on. 85"Let’s Not Be Heisty"Baz TaylorEd Dyson18 April 2008 (2008-04-18)30 minutes5.43 millionWhen Ben goes to his bank to pay in a cheque from Alfie for two years' rent, he walks in during a robbery. Minutes later Janey follows him in. The robbers are a bickering couple Joan (Pauline Quirke) and Gary (Perry Benson), while the other hostages are Jim McKenzie (Sean Scanlan), manager Peter Warwick (Simon Chandler) and chief cashier Belinda Smith (Emma Kennedy). Janey is soon released in return for food, and hours later the police storm the bank and the other hostages are released. With Susan away, during the robbery a young, blonde Family Liaison Officer Penny Bishop (Georgia Moffett) comes round to comfort Michael and he takes advantage of the situation. 86"Cards on the Table"Baz TaylorBrian Leveson and Paul Minett25 April 2008 (2008-04-25)30 minutes5.23 millionBen becomes addicted to poker while Susan has become addicted to seeing clairvoyant Zelda Nobbs (Anna Chancellor). Zelda tells Susan that Ben will die the following Thursday at 9.04 pm. When her other predictions come true, Ben and Susan plan to spend his final moments having sex. Just as they are about to, they realise their lounge clock has stopped and it is already 9.30 pm. To celebrate him not dying, they decide to go to Venice. Meanwhile, Susan suggests Roger gets some friends after he is annoyed that Abi goes out with her friends. Roger then goes out for the night with Michael and his friends, and plays poker with Ben's poker circle. 87"The Wax Job"Baz TaylorSteve Armogida and Jim Armogida2 May 2008 (2008-05-02)30 minutes5.13 millionSusan is made the manager of the art gallery, and immediately has to prepare for a new exhibition. Meanwhile, Ben retires when he sells out to the Cavatex Corporation, which has become Roger's employer. Ben then starts painting model military figures and uses Alfie's room as a hobby room. Alfie then moves into Michael's room, and Janey soon has to give them relationship advice so they get on better. Ben soon gets bored of his new hobby, and assists Susan to set up the exhibition. When he gets the money for the surgery, and it is less than he expected, Ben has to go to Cavatex and persuade them he is committed to Cavatex so he gets his job back. 88"Neighbour Wars"Baz TaylorDarin Henry9 May 2008 (2008-05-09)30 minutes5.02 millionBen accidentally drives into Mr. Casey (Nickolas Grace), the neighbour whose dog he previously ran over, and he ends up in hospital. The Police decide to take no action, but Ben wants Mr. Casey to sign a disclaimer so he cannot later be sued. Mr. Casey then spends his time recovering in Ben's house with Ben trying to persuade him to sign the disclaimer. However, Mr. Channing (Jonathan Aris), from the insurance company tells Ben he believes it is a scam and Ben then tries to catch Mr. Casey out. However, in the process he sits fire to his bedroom and they then have to make a deal so both can claim insurance. Meanwhile, Susan and Kenzo are in Scarborough for a week with Grace. 89"Can’t Get No Satisfaction"Nic PhillipsDavid Cantor16 May 2008 (2008-05-16)30 minutes4.89 millionKenzo is learning the piano, much to the family's disappointment. Ben reforms the rock and roll band he was with in his 20s, The Revolutions, and makes contact with guitarists Ziggy (Philip Bird) and Danny (David Keyes) and drummer Sticks (Rowland Rivron). However, they soon want to sack him as the lead singer. Susan hasn't the heart to tell him, until Ben criticises Kenzo during a school piano recital. Meanwhile, Michael organises dates for himself and Alfie over the Internet, but get their photographs mixed up and they have to pretend they are each other on the double date with Terri (Manal El-Feitury) and Georgia (Louise Mardenborough). 90"The Abi Habit"Nic PhillipsTom Anderson23 May 2008 (2008-05-23)30 minutes4.74 millionHaving not had sex for several weeks, Susan decides that to spice up their sex lives they should abstain from sex and even the slightest physical contact for three weeks. Ben is annoyed with this, but Susan is determined. Meanwhile, Roger gets a note from Abi that says she has left him to become a nun. Ben and Susan drive him to Abi's convent and she and Roger talk, but he is unable to persuade her to leave the convent and they leave without her. Janey asks Michael to look into her latest boyfriend, Ron (Ben Jones), and discovers that he still lives with his mother, something Janey says does not concern her. [edit] Christmas Special (2008)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership91"Have An Unhappy Christmas"Nic PhillipsBrian Leveson and Paul Minett24 December 2008 (2008-12-24)60 minutes7.12 millionBen buys Susan a vacuum cleaner but soon regrets it, so he goes out to buy a necklace but is horrified to find it half price in a sale the next day. He goes back to complain but ends up getting locked in. Meanwhile Janey, Michael and Alfie order a stack of household items (mugs, plates, keyrings etc.) with Ben and Susan's wedding photo on them. However a factory error leads to a risqué photo from Ben and Susan's wedding night being printed on the items. Guest starring Julian Clary. [edit] Series Nine (2009)Main article: My Family (series 9)#TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal airdateDurationViewership92"Bully For Ben"Nic PhillipsBrian Leveson and Paul Minett2 April 2009 (2009-04-02)30 minutes6.72 millionIt's Ben and Susan's wedding anniversary and Ben is trying to write a loving message in a card but is having serious difficulties, despite fierce prompting from daughter Janey. Janey sets off for the local pub quiz with her brother, Michael, lodger Alfie and Ben's annoying work colleague, Roger. Ben is insulted that he wasn't invited but decides to tag along anyway. As their team falls behind in the quiz, Alfie points out that a player on another team has been cheating by texting all night. Ben decides to confront the phone cheat, Barry, who invites him outside to settle their disagreement. Ben backs out of the fight but is determined to get into shape so he can return to confront Barry. 93"Bringing Up Janey"Nic PhillipsAmy Shindler9 April 2009 (2009-04-09)30 minutes4.93 millionSusan is all dressed up for a working lunch with James Garrett. Ben is more than a little jealous, despite Susan's assurances that it's purely a professional relationship





Kincardine and Deeside - Wikipedia, the free encyc

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Kincardine and Deeside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kincardine and DeesideFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,basket jordan,searchCoordinates: 57°01′34″N 3°00′43″W? / ?57.026°N 3.012°W? / 57.026; -3.012Kincardine and Deeside was formerly (1975-96) a local government district in the Grampian Region of Scotland. In 1996 it was included in the Aberdeenshire unitary area.Contents1 History2 Places of interest3 See also4 Line notes5 References[edit] HistoryThis region is rich in prehistory with numerous megalithic sites, notable in the earliest period of recorded history with several significant Roman sites. The region is also traversed by several ancient trackways across the Grampian Mounth, including the Causey Mounth and Elsick Mounth.[1] In addition there is evidence of ancient burials from the Beaker Period.[2][edit] Places of interestDunnottar CastleFowlsheugh Nature ReserveMuchalls CastlePortlethen Moss[edit] See alsoSubdivisions of Scotland[edit] Line notes^ C.M. Hogan, 2007^ A. Small, 1988[edit] ReferencesC. Michael Hogan (2007) Elsick Mounth, The Megalithic Portal, ed A. BurnhamA. Small,air jordan pas cher, Margaret Bruce and Ian A.G. Shepherd (1988) A Beaker Child Burial from Catterline,nike jordan, Kincardine and Deeside,chaussures de football, Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotland 118: 71-77This Aberdeenshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kincardine_and_Deeside"Categories: Aberdeenshire geography stubs | Kincardine and DeesidePersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 28 January 2010 at 01:21.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Steam engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_19

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Steam engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Steam engineFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchFor the historic development, see History of the steam engine.A 1817 Boulton & Watt beam blowing engine, used in Netherton at the ironworks of M W Grazebrook, re-erected on the A38(M) in Birmingham, UKPreserved British steam-powered fire engine – an example of a mobile steam engine. This is a horse-drawn vehicle: the steam engine drives the water pumpA mill engine from Stott Park Bobbin Mill, Cumbria, EnglandA steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.The idea of using boiling water to produce mechanical motion has a long history, going back about 2,000 years. Early devices were not practical power producers, but more advanced designs producing usable power have become a major source of mechanical power over the last 300 years, enabling the Industrial Revolution, beginning with applications for mine water removal using vacuum engines. Subsequent developments using pressurized steam and converting to rotational motion enabled the powering of a wide range of manufacturing machinery anywhere water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained, previously restricted only to locations where water wheels or windmills could be used. Significantly, this power source would later be applied to prime movers, mobile devices such as steam tractors and railway locomotives. Modern steam turbines generate about 80% of the electric power in the world using a variety of heat sources[citation needed].Steam engines are typically external combustion engines,[1] E.C.E.[?] although other external sources of heat such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The heat cycle is known as the Rankine cycle.In general usage, the term 'steam engine' can refer to integrated steam plants such as railway steam locomotives and portable engines, or may refer to the machinery alone, as in the beam engine and stationary steam engine. Specialized devices such as steam hammers and steam pile drivers are dependent on steam supplied from a separate boiler.Contents1 Applications1.1 Stationary applications1.2 Transport applications2 History3 Basic operation of a simple reciprocating steam engine4 Components of steam engines4.1 Heat source4.2 Boilers4.3 Motor units4.3.1 Simple expansion4.3.2 Oscillating cylinder steam engines4.3.3 Compounding engines4.3.4 Multiple expansion engines4.3.5 Uniflow (or unaflow) engine4.3.6 Turbine engines4.3.7 Rotary steam engines4.3.8 Jet type4.3.9 Rocket type4.4 Cold sink4.5 Monitoring equipment5 Advantages6 Safety7 Efficiency8 Modern applications9 Steam museums10 See also11 Notes12 References13 Further reading14 External links[edit] ApplicationsSince the early 18th century, steam power has been applied to a variety of practical uses. At first it was applied to reciprocating pumps, but from the 1780s rotative engines (i.e. those converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion) began to appear, driving factory machinery. At the turn of the 19th century,basket air jordan, steam-powered transport on both sea and land began to make its appearance becoming ever more dominant as the century progressed.Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories and mills, powering pumping stations and transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles. Their use in agriculture led to an increase in the land available for cultivation.Very low power engines are used to power models and speciality applications such as the steam clock.The presence of several phases between heat source and power delivery has meant that it has always been difficult to obtain a power-to-weight ratio anywhere near that obtainable from internal combustion engines; notably this has made steam aircraft extremely rare. Similar considerations have meant that for small and medium-scale applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors, which has given the steam engine an out-dated image. However it is important to remember that the power supplied to the electric grid is predominantly generated using steam turbine plant, so that indirectly the world's industry is still dependent on steam power. Recent concerns about fuel sources and pollution have incited a renewed interest in steam both as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover. This is becoming known as the Advanced Steam movement.Steam engines can be classified by their application:[edit] Stationary applicationsStationary steam engines can be classified into two main types:Winding engines, rolling mill engines, steam donkeys, marine engines, and similar applications which need to frequently stop and reverse.Engines providing power, which rarely stop and do not need to reverse. These include engines used in thermal power stations and those that were used in pumping stations, mills, factories and to power cable railways and cable tramways before the widespread use of electric power.The steam donkey is technically a stationary engine but is mounted on skids to be semi-portable. It is designed for logging use and can drag itself to a new location. Having secured the winch cable to a sturdy tree at the desired destination, the machine will move towards the anchor point as the cable is winched in.A portable engine is a stationary engine mounted on wheels so that it may be towed to a work-site by horses or a traction engine, rather than being fixed in a single location.[edit] Transport applicationsA steam locomotive- a GNR N2 Class No.1744 at Weybourne nr. Sheringham, Norfolk.Steam engines have been used to power a wide array of transport appliances:Marine: Steamboat, steamship, steam yachtRail: Steam locomotive, fireless locomotiveAgriculture: Traction engine, steam tractorRoad: Steam wagon, steam bus, steam tricycle, steam carConstruction: Steam roller, steam shovelMilitary: steam tank (tracked), steam tank (wheeled), steam catapultSpace: Steam rocketIn these applications internal combustion engines are now used due to their higher power-to-weight ratio , lower maintenance and space requirements .[edit] HistoryMain article: History of the steam engineThe history of the steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD; the first recorded rudimentary steam engine being the aeolipile described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria.[2] In the following centuries, the few engines known about were essentially experimental devices used by inventors to demonstrate the properties of steam. In 1543. Blasco de Garay is reputed to have used a primitive steam machine to move a ship in the port of Barcelona.[3][4][5] Later, a rudimentary steam turbine device was described by Taqi al-Din[6] in 1551 and by Giovanni Branca[7] in 1629.[8]Following the invention by Denis Papin of the steam digester in 1679, and a first piston steam engine in 1690, the first practical steam-powered 'engine' was a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery. It proved only to have a limited lift height and was prone to boiler explosions, but it still received some use for mines and pumping stations.The first commercially successful engine did not appear until 1712. Incorporating technologies discovered by Savery and Denis Papin, the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen, paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was only used for pumping water. It worked by using the vacuum from condensing steam in a cylinder and was mainly employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, but also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable 'head'.Early Watt pumping engineThe next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763-75) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser. Watt's engine used 75% less coal than Newcomen's, and was hence much cheaper to run. Watt proceeded to develop his engine further, modifying it to provide a rotary motion suitable for driving factory machinery. This enabled factories to be sited away from rivers, and further accelerated the pace of the Industrial Revolution.Newcomen's and Watt's early engines were "atmospheric", meaning that they were powered by the vacuum generated by condensing steam instead of the pressure of expanding steam. Cylinders had to be large, as the only usable force acting on them was atmospheric pressure. Steam was only used to compensate for the atmosphere allowing the piston to move back to its starting position.Around 1800, Richard Trevithick introduced engines using high-pressure steam. These were much more powerful than previous engines and could be made small enough for transport applications. Thereafter, technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques (partly brought about by the adoption of the steam engine as a power source) resulted in the design of more efficient engines that could be smaller, faster, or more powerful, depending on the intended application.Steam engines remained the dominant source of power well into the 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the vast majority of reciprocating steam engines being replaced in commercial usage, and the ascendancy of steam turbines in power generation.See alsoThe history of steam engine development is a vast subject. The following articles cover aspects of steam engine development in greater detail:Timeline of steam power – overviewHistory of the steam engine – general history, concentrating on reciprocating enginesSteam turbine – the parallel development of turbine-type enginesSteam power during the Industrial RevolutionHistory of steam road vehicles[edit] Basic operation of a simple reciprocating steam engineHeat is obtained from fuel burnt in a closed fireboxThe heat is transferred to the water in a pressurised boiler, ultimately boiling the water and transforming it into saturated steam. Steam in its saturated state is always produced at the temperature of the boiling water, which in turn depends on the steam pressure on the water surface within the boiler.The steam is transferred to the motor unit which uses it to push on a piston sliding inside a cylinder to power machinery.The used, cooler, lower pressure steam is exhausted to atmosphere.[edit] Components of steam enginesThere are two fundamental components of a steam engine: the boiler or steam generator, and the "motor unit", itself often referred to as a "steam engine". The two components can either be integrated into a single unit or can be placed at a distance from each other, in a variety of configurations.Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation, and superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox.[edit] Heat sourceThe heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a nuclear reactor or geothermal energy.[edit] BoilersMain article: boiler (steam generator)Boilers are pressure vessels that contain water to be boiled, and some kind of mechanism for transferring the heat to the water so as to boil it.The two most common methods of transferring heat to the water according are:water-tube boiler - water is contained in or run through one or several tubes surrounded by hot gasesfire-tube boiler - the water partially fills a vessel below or inside which is a combustion chamber or furnace and fire tubes through which the hot gases flowOnce turned to steam,air jordan, some boilers use superheating to raise the temperature of the steam further. This allows greater efficiency.[edit] Motor unitsA motor unit takes a supply of steam at high pressure and temperature and gives out a supply of steam at lower pressure and temperature, using as much of the difference in steam energy as possible to do mechanical work.A motor unit is often called 'steam engine' in its own right. They will also operate on compressed air or other gas.[edit] Simple expansionThis means that a charge of steam works only once in the cylinder. It is then exhausted directly into the atmosphere or into a condenser, but remaining heat can be utilized if needed to heat a living space, or to provide warm feedwater for the boiler.Double acting stationary engineSchematic Indicator diagram showing the four events in a double piston strokeIn most reciprocating piston engines, the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port. The complete engine cycle occupies one rotation of the crank and two piston strokes; the cycle also comprises four events — admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves often working inside a steam chest adjacent to the cylinder; the valves distribute the steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types. The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle and often make the engine rotate in only one direction. Most however have a reversing mechanism which additionally can provide means for saving steam as speed and momentum are gained by gradually "shortening the cutoff" or rather, shortening the admission event; this in turn proportionately lengthens the expansion period. However, as one and the same valve usually controls both steam flows, a short cutoff at admission adversely affects the exhaust and compression periods which should ideally always be kept fairly constant; if the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot evacuate the cylinder, choking it and giving excessive compression ("kick back").In the 1840s and 50s, there were attempts to overcome this problem by means of various patent valve gears with a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve; the latter usually had fixed or limited cutoff. The combined setup gave a fair approximation of the ideal events, at the expense of increased friction and wear, and the mechanism tended to be complicated. The usual compromise solution has been to provide lap by lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve in such a way as to overlap the port on the admission side, with the effect that the exhaust side remains open for a longer period after cut-off on the admission side has occurred. This expedient has since been generally considered satisfactory for most purposes and makes possible the use of the simpler Stephenson, Joy and Walschaerts motions. Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams profiled so as to give ideal events; most of these gears never succeeded outside of the stationary marketplace due to various other issues including leakage and more delicate mechanisms.[9][10]CompressionBefore the exhaust phase is quite complete, the exhaust side of the valve closes, shutting a portion of the exhaust steam inside the cylinder. This determines the compression phase where a cushion of steam is formed against which the piston does work whilst its velocity is rapidly decreasing; it moreover obviates the pressure and temperature shock, which would otherwise be caused by the sudden admission of the high pressure steam at the beginning of the following cycle.LeadThe above effects are further enhanced by providing lead: as was later discovered with the internal combustion engine, it has been found advantageous since the late 1830s to advance the admission phase, giving the valve lead so that admission occurs a little before the end of the exhaust stroke in order to fill the clearance volume comprising the ports and the cylinder ends (not part of the piston-swept volume) before the steam begins to exert effort on the piston.[11][edit] Oscillating cylinder steam enginesMain article: Oscillating cylinder steam engineAn oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine which does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder. Instead of valves, the entire cylinder rocks, or oscillates, such that one or more holes in the cylinder line up with holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting (trunnion). These engines are mainly used in toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships where their compactness is valued.[edit] Compounding enginesMain article: Compound engineAs steam expands in a high pressure engine its temperature drops; because no heat is released from the system, this is known as adiabatic expansion and results in steam entering the cylinder at high temperature and leaving at low temperature. This causes a cycle of heating and cooling of the cylinder with every stroke which is a source of inefficiency.A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high pressure compound engine in 1805. In the compound engine, high pressure steam from the boiler expands in a high pressure (HP) cylinder and then enters one or more subsequent lower pressure (LP) cylinders. The complete expansion of the steam now occurs across multiple cylinders and as less expansion now occurs in each cylinder so less heat is lost by the steam in each. This reduces the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling, increasing the efficiency of the engine. To derive equal work from lower pressure steam requires a larger cylinder volume as this steam occupies a greater volume. Therefore the bore, and often the stroke, are increased in low pressure cylinders resulting in larger cylinders.Double expansion (usually known as compound) engines expanded the steam in two stages. The pairs may be duplicated or the work of the large LP cylinder can be split with one HP cylinder exhausting into one or the other, giving a 3-cylinder layout where cylinder and piston diameter are about the same making the reciprocating masses easier to balance.Two-cylinder compounds can be arranged as:Cross compounds - The cylinders are side by side.Tandem compounds - The cylinders are end to end, driving a common connecting rodAngle compounds - The cylinders are arranged in a vee (usually at a 90° angle) and drive a common crank.With two-cylinder compounds used in railway work, the pistons are connected to the cranks as with a two-cylinder simple at 90° out of phase with each other (quartered). When the double expansion group is duplicated, producing a 4-cylinder compound, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at 180°, the groups being set at 90° to each other. In one case (the first type of Vauclain compound), the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at 90° as for a two-cylinder engine. With the 3-cylinder compound arrangement, the LP cranks were either set at 90° with the HP one at 135° to the other two, or in some cases all three cranks were set at 120°.The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives where it was often perceived as complicated. This is partly due to the harsh railway operating environment and limited space afforded by the loading gauge (particularly in Britain, where compounding was never common and not employed after 1930). However although never in the majority it was popular in many other countries.[9][edit] Multiple expansion enginesMain article: Compound engine#Multiple expansion enginesAn animation of a simplified triple-expansion engine.High-pressure steam (red) enters from the boiler and passes through the engine, exhausting as low-pressure steam (blue) to the condenser.It is a logical extension of the compound engine (described above) to split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency. The result is the multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engines use a series of double-acting cylinders of progressively increasing diameter and/or stroke and hence volume. These cylinders are designed to divide the work into three or four, as appropriate, equal portions for each expansion stage. As with the double expansion engine, where space is at a premium, two smaller cylinders of a large sum volume may be used for the low pressure stage. Multiple expansion engines typically had the cylinders arranged inline, but various other formations were used. In the late 19th century, the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing 'system' was used on some marine triple expansion engines. Y-S-T engines divided the low pressure expansion stages between two cylinders, one at each end of the engine. This allowed the crankshaft to be better balanced, resulting in a smoother, faster-responding engine which ran with less vibration. This made the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class), but was ultimately replaced by the virtually vibration-free turbine (see below).The image to the right shows an animation of a triple expansion engine. The steam travels through the engine from left to right. The valve chest for each of the cylinders is to the left of the corresponding cylinder.Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam, as feed water was usually readily available. Prior to and during World War I, the expansion engine dominated marine applications where high vessel speed was not essential. It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine where speed was required, for instance in warships, such as the dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905 was the first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine.[edit] Uniflow (or unaflow) engineMain article: Uniflow steam engineSchematic animation of a uniflow steam engine.The poppet valves are controlled by the rotating camshaft at the top. High pressure steam enters, red, and exhausts, yellow.This is intended to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual counterflow cycle mentioned above which means that at each stroke the port and the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam, whilst the hotter incoming admission steam will waste some of its energy in restoring working temperature. The aim of the uniflow is to remedy this defect by providing an additional port uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke making the steam flow only in one direction. By this means,nike jordan, thermal efficiency is improved by having a steady temperature gradient along the cylinder bore. The simple-expansion uniflow engine is reported to give efficiency equivalent to that of classic compound systems with the added advantage of superior part-load performance. It is also readily adaptable to high-speed uses and was a common way to drive electricity generators towards the end of the 19th century before the coming of the steam turbine.The inlet valves may be driven by a double cam system whose phasing and duration is controllable; this allows adjustments for high torque and power when needed with more restrained use of steam and greater expansion for economical cruising.Uniflow engines have been produced in single-acting, double-acting, simple, and compound versions. Skinner 4-crank 8-cylinder single-acting tandem compound [12] engines power two Great Lakes ships still trading today (2007). These are the Saint Marys Challenger,[13] that in 2005 completed 100 years of continuous operation as a powered carrier (the Skinner engine was fitted in 1950) and the car ferry, SS Badger.[14]In the early 1950s, the Ultimax engine — a 2-crank 4-cylinder arrangement similar to Skinner’s — was developed by Abner Doble for the Paxton car project with tandem opposed single-acting cylinders giving effective double-action.[15]Small uniflow steam engines have been made as conversions of two-stroke internal combustion engines, by feeding the cylinder with steam via a "bash valve" in the spark plug hole which is knocked open by the piston reaching the top of its stroke.[16][edit] Turbine enginesA rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plantMain article: Steam turbineA steam turbine consists of an alternating series of one or more rotating discs mounted on a drive shaft, rotors, and static discs fixed to the turbine casing, stators. The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge. Steam acts upon these blades, producing rotary motion. The stator consists of a similar, but fixed, series of blades that serve to redirect the steam flow onto the next rotor stage. A steam turbine often exhausts into a surface condenser that provides a vacuum. The stages of a steam turbine are typically arranged to extract the maximum potential work from a specific velocity and pressure of steam, giving rise to a series of variably sized high and low pressure stages. Turbines are only effective if they rotate at very high speed, therefore they are usually connected to reduction gearing to drive another mechanism, such as a ship's propeller, at a lower speed. This gearbox can be mechanical but today it is more common to use an alternator/generator set to produce electricity that later is used to drive an electric motor. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore a reversing stage or gearbox is usually required where power is required in the opposite direction.Steam turbines provide direct rotational force and therefore do not require a linkage mechanism to convert reciprocating to rotary motion. Thus, they produce smoother rotational forces on the output shaft. This contributes to a lower maintenance requirement and less wear on the machinery they power than a comparable reciprocating engine.The Turbinia - the first steam turbine-powered shipThe main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation (about 80% of the world's electric production is by use of steam turbines)[citation needed] and to a lesser extent as marine prime movers. In the former, the high speed of rotation is an advantage, and in both cases the relative bulk is not a disadvantage; in the latter (pioneered on the Turbinia), the light weight, high efficiency and high power are highly desirable.Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Nuclear-powered ships and submarines either use a steam turbine directly for main propulsion, with generators providing auxiliary power, or else employ turbo-electric propulsion, where the steam drives a turbine-generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors. A limited number of steam turbine railroad locomotives were manufactured. Some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives did meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain, but were not repeated. Elsewhere, notably in the U.S.A., more advanced designs with electric transmission were built experimentally, but not reproduced. It was found that steam turbines were not ideally suited to the railroad environment and these locomotives failed to oust the classic reciprocating steam unit in the way that modern diesel and electric traction has done.[edit] Rotary steam enginesIt is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine. Many such engines have been designed, from the time of James Watt to the present day, but relatively few were actually built and even fewer went into quantity production; see link at bottom of article for more details. The major problem is the difficulty of sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion; the resulting leakage made them very inefficient. Lack of expansive working, or any means of control of the cutoff is also a serious problem with many such designs. By the 1840s, it was clear that the concept had inherent problems and rotary engines were treated with some derision in the technical press. However, the arrival of electricity on the scene, and the obvious advantages of driving a dynamo directly from a high-speed engine, led to something of a revival in interest in the 1880s and 1890s, and a few designs had some limited success.Of the few designs that were manufactured in quantity, those of the Hult Brothers Rotary Steam Engine Company of Stockholm, Sweden, and the spherical engine of Beauchamp Tower are notable. Tower's engines were used by the Great Eastern Railway to drive lighting dynamos on their locomotives, and by the Admiralty for driving dynamos on board the ships of the Royal Navy. They were eventually replaced in these niche applications by steam turbines.[edit] Jet typeInvented by Australian engineer Alan Burns and developed in Britain by engineers at Pursuit Dynamics, this underwater jet engine uses high pressure steam to draw in water through an intake at the front and expel it at high speed through the rear. When steam condenses in water, a shock wave is created and is focused by the chamber to blast water out of the back. To improve the engine's efficiency, the engine draws in air through a vent ahead of the steam jet, which creates air bubbles and changes the way the steam mixes with the water.Unlike in conventional steam engines, there are no moving parts to wear out, and the exhaust water is only several degrees warmer in tests. The engine can also serve as pump and mixer. This type of system is referred to as 'PDX Technology' by Pursuit Dynamics and has been applied to food technology problems.[17][edit] Rocket typeMain article: Steam rocketThe aeolipile represents the use of steam by the rocket-reaction principle, although not for direct propulsion.In more modern times there has been limited use of steam for rocketry—particularly for rocket cars. The technique is simple in concept, simply fill a pressure vessel with hot water at high pressure, and open a valve leading to a suitable nozzle. The drop in pressure immediately boils some of the water and the steam leaves through a nozzle, giving a significant propulsive force.It might be expected that water in the pressure vessel should be at high pressure; but in practice the pressure vessel has considerable mass, which reduces the acceleration of the vehicle. Therefore a much lower pressure is used, which permits a lighter pressure vessel, which in turn gives the highest final speed.There are even speculative plans for interplanetary use. Although steam rockets are relatively inefficient in their use of propellant, this very well may not matter as the solar system is believed to have extremely large stores of water ice which can be used as propellant. Extracting this water and using it in interplanetary rockets requires several orders of magnitude less equipment than breaking it down to hydrogen and oxygen for conventional rocketry.[18][edit] Cold sinkAs with all heat engines, a considerable quantity of waste heat at relatively low temperature is produced and must be disposed of.The simplest cold sink is to vent the steam to the environment. This is often used on steam locomotives, but is inefficient. Steam locomotive condensing apparatus can be employed to improve efficiency.Sometimes the waste heat is useful in and of itself, and in those cases very high overall efficiency can be obtained. For example, combined heat and power (CHP) systems use the waste steam for district heating.Where CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers as a cold sink. The condensers are cooled by water flow from oceans, rivers, lakes, and often by cooling towers which evaporate water to provide cooling energy removal. The resulting condensed hot water output from the condenser is then put back into the boiler via a pump.[edit] Monitoring equipmentFor safety reasons, nearly all steam engines are equipped with mechanisms to monitor the boiler, such as a pressure gauge and a sight glass to monitor the water level.[edit] AdvantagesThe strength of the steam engine for modern purposes is in its ability to convert heat from almost any source into mechanical work, unlike the internal combustion engine.Similar advantages are found in a different type of external combustion engine, the Stirling engine, which can offer efficient power (with advanced regenerators and large radiators) at the cost of a much lower power-to-size/weight ratio than even modern steam engines with compact boilers [citation needed]. These Stirling engines are not commercially produced, although the concepts are promising.Steam locomotives are especially advantageous at high elevations as they are not adversely affected by the lower atmospheric pressure. This was inadvertently discovered when steam locomotives operated at high altitudes in the mountains of South America were replaced by diesel-electric units of equivalent sea level power. These were quickly replaced by much more powerful locomotives capable of producing sufficient power at high altitude.For road vehicles, steam propulsion has the advantage of having high torque from stationary, removing the need for a clutch and transmission, though start-up time and sufficiently compact packaging remain a problem.In Switzerland (Brienz Rothhorn) and Austria (Schafberg Bahn) new rack steam locomotives have proved very successful. They were designed based on a 1930s design of Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) but with all of today's possible improvements like roller bearings, heat insulation, light-oil firing, improved inner streamlining, one-man-driving and so on. These resulted in 60 percent lower fuel consumption per passenger[citation needed] and massively reduced costs for maintenance and handling[citation needed]. Economics now are similar or better than with most advanced diesel or electric systems. Also a steam train with similar speed and capacity is 50 percent lighter than an electric or diesel train[citation needed], thus, especially on rack railways, significantly reducing wear and tear on the track. Also, a new steam engine for a paddle steam ship on Lake Geneva, the Montreux, was designed and built, being the world's first full-size ship steam engine with an electronic remote control.[19] The steam group of SLM in 2000 created a wholly owned company called DLM to design modern steam engines and steam locomotives.[edit] SafetySteam engines possess boilers and other components that are pressure vessels that contain a great deal of potential energy. Steam escapes and boiler explosions (typically BLEVEs) can and have caused great loss of life in the past. While variations in standards may exist in different countries, stringent legal, testing, training, care with manufacture, operation and certification is applied to try to minimise or prevent such occurrences.Failure modes include:over-pressurisation of the boilerinsufficient water in the boiler causing overheating and vessel failurepressure vessel failure of the boiler due to inadequate construction or maintenance.escape of steam from pipework/boiler causing scaldingSteam engines frequently possess two independent mechanisms for ensuring that the pressure in the boiler does not go too high; one may be adjusted by the user, the second is typically designed as an ultimate fail-safe.Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the firebox. If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes warning the operators, who may then manually drop the fire. Except in the smallest of boilers the steam escape has little effect on dampening the fire. The plugs are also too small in area to lower steam pressure significantly, depressurizing the boiler. If they were any larger, the volume of escaping steam would itself endanger the crew.[edit] EfficiencyMain article: Thermal efficiencyThe efficiency of an engine can be calculated by dividing the energy output of mechanical work that the engine produces by the energy input to the engine by the burning fuel.No heat engine can be more efficient than the Carnot cycle, in which heat is moved from a high temperature reservoir to one at a low temperature, and the efficiency depends on the temperature difference. For the greatest efficiency, steam engines should be operated at the highest steam temperature possible (superheated steam), and release the waste heat at the lowest temperature possible.In practice, a steam engine exhausting the steam to atmosphere will typically have an efficiency (including the boiler) in the range of 1-10%, but with the addition of a condenser and multiple expansion,mercurial nike, it may be greatly improved to 25% or better.A megawatt electrical power station with steam reheat, economizer etc. will achieve up to 50% thermal efficiency.[20]It is also possible to capture the waste heat using cogeneration in which the waste heat is used for heating a lower boiling point working fluid or as a heat source for district heating via saturated low pressure steam. By this means it is possible to use as much as 85-90% of the input energy.[edit] Modern applicationsMain article: Advanced steam technologyAlthough the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines.The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam. The efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine reaches some 27-30% on high-pressure engines. It is a single-step, 5-cylinder engine (no compound) with superheated steam and consumes approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh.[21][edit] Steam museumsSee also: List of pumping stations, many of which are, or were, steam-powered.See also: List of steam fairs, events where steam engines, particularly traction engines, may be seen workingAustraliaPowerhouse Museum in SydneyCanadaOntario Agricultural Museum in Milton, OntarioSteam Era in Milton, OntarioUKBolton Steam MuseumBressingham Steam and Gardens - Gardens, Steam railways and museum of steam vehiclesCrofton Beam Engines ([22])Hollycombe Steam CollectionKempton Park Steam EnginesKew Bridge Steam MuseumUSThe New England Wireless and Steam Museum ([23])[edit] See alsoCompound locomotiveGeared steam locomotiveGiovanni Battista della PortaHeat Regenerative Cyclone EngineHistory of steam road vehiclesLean's Engine ReporterLive steamMarine steam enginePortable engineReciprocating engineSalomon de CausSteamboatSteam locomotiveSteam power during the Industrial RevolutionSteamrollerSteam tricycleSteam turbineStill engineTimeline of steam powerTraction engineValve gear[edit] Notes^ E.C.E.:  An external combustion engine has heat supplied to the working fluid of the power cycle by an external source. The external combustion engine allows the burning of virtually any fuel as the heat source for the engine. This explains the success of this engine, because less expensive and/or more renewable or sustainable fuel or heat sources can be used, because the working fluid remains separated from the fuel, and therefore cleaner, which results in less maintenance and longer engine life.This is contrasted to the generally more familiar form of heat engine (known as an internal combustion engine) in which the working fluid of the power cycle is the gaseous products of the combustion process, and the heat is added to the cycle by combustion of fuel internal to the machine. Typical gasoline/petrol and diesel engines are internal combustion engines. (see: Otto cycle')Many, but not all steam engines are to be classed among external combustion engines; however steam-cycle nuclear power plants are exceptions, for example.[edit] References^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. ^ "turbine." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 18 July 2007^ Blasco de Garay's 1543 Steamship, Rochester History Resources, University of Rochester, 1996, http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/garay/, retrieved 2008-04-24 ^ Timbs, John (1860), Stories of Inventors and Discoverers in Science and the Useful Arts: A Book for Old and Young, Franklin Square, New York: Harper & Brothers, p. 275^ Lardner, Dionysius (1840), The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated: With an Account of Its Invention, Taylor and Walton, p. 16^ Ahmad Y Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, p. 34-35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.^ "University of Rochester, NY, ''The growth of the steam engine'' online history resource, chapter one". History.rochester.edu. http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/Chapter1.html. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "Power plant engineering". P. K. Nag (2002). Tata McGraw-Hill. p.432. ISBN 0070435995^ a b van Riemsdijk, John (1994). Compound Locomotives. Penrhyn, UK: Atlantic Transport Publishers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-906899-61-3. ^ Carpenter, George W. & contributors (2000): La locomotive à vapeur, English translation of André Chapelon's seminal work (1938): pp. 56-72; 120 et seq; Camden Miniature Steam Services, UK. ISBN 0 9536523 0 0^ Bell, A.M. (1950). Locomotives. London: Virtue and Company. pp. 61–63. ^ "Skinner Engines". Carferries.com. http://www.carferries.com/skinner/. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "St. Marys Challenger". Boatnerd.com. http://www.boatnerd.com/pictures/fleet/stmaryschallenger.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "S.S. Badger". Boatnerd.com. 1992-05-15. http://www.boatnerd.com/pictures/fleet/badger.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "Paxton Engineering Division Report (2 of 3)". Content.cdlib.org. 2009-10-20. http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt6r29q3kz/?order=1&brand=oac. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "The Steam-Ped Moped with engine converted to uniflow steam operation". Steamcar.net. http://www.steamcar.net/steam-ped.html. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ Pretty Darned Xtraordinary[dead link]^ Near Earth Object Fuel website. Retrieved 2 November 2006.^ "03210ModernSteamIMechE" (PDF). http://www.5at.co.uk/Roger%20Waller%27s%20IMechE%20Paper.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "Power Engineering and PEI Magazines: Daily coverage of electric power generation technology, fuels, transmission, equipment,nike basket, coal power plants, renewable energy sources, emission control, more - Power-Gen Worldwide". Pepei.pennnet.com. http://pepei.pennnet.com/display_article/152601/6/ARTCL/none/none/1/New-Benchmarks-for-Steam-Turbine-Efficiency/. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "Energiprojekt LTD - Biomass power plant, Steam pow". Energiprojekt.com. http://www.energiprojekt.com/. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ "Movie of Crofton engines operating". Katrust.org. http://www.katrust.org/crofton.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-03. ^ [1] The New England Wireless and Steam Museum[edit] Further readingStuart, Robert, A Descriptive History of the Steam Engine, London : J. Knight and H. Lacey, 1824.[edit] External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Steam enginesLook up steam engine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.A steam-powered bicycleA history of the growth of the steam-engineAnimated engines - Illustrates a variety of steam enginesBeauchamp Tower's spherical steam engineHowstuffworks - "How Steam Engines Work""Neverwas Haul" – An art project to build a mobile steam-driven 3-storey Victorian house as an 'art car' for the Burning Man FestivalNew Scientist jet steam engine articleRotary steam enginesSteam powered lawn mowerSteamboat revival on Lake GenevaTitanic's Triple Expansion Engines on Titanic-Titanic.comUniflow enginesv ? d ? eHeat enginesStroke cyclesTwo-stroke cycle ·  Four-stroke cycle ·  Six-stroke cycleEngine typesFree-piston ·  Gas turbine ·  Iris ·  Jet ·  Orbital ·  Piston ·  Rocket ·  Rotary ·  Split-single ·  Steam (reciprocating) ·  Steam turbine ·  Stirling ·  Swing-piston ·  Tschudi ·  WankelValvesCylinder head porting ·  Corliss ·  Slide ·  Manifold ·  Multi ·  Piston ·  Poppet ·  Sleeve ·  Rotary valve ·  Variable valve timing ·  Camless (solenoid operated valves)Engine configurationsSingle cylinder ·  Straight ·  Opposed ·  Flat · U ·  V ·  W ·  H ·  Deltic ·  Radial ·  Rotary ·  Stelzer ·  Controlled Combustion ·  Bourke ·  Split cycleMotionmechanismsCam · Connecting rod · Crank · Crank substitute · Crankshaft · Linkages (Evans · Peaucellier–Lipkin · Sector straight-line · Watt) · Scotch Yoke · Swashplate · Rhombic drive · Double acting/differential cylinderThermodynamic cycleRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine"Categories: British inventions | Energy conversion | Piston engines | Steam engines | Steam powerHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from February 2010 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010 | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesAfrikaans???????AragonésAz?rbaycanБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкев?ца)BosanskiБългарскиCatalà?eskyCymraegDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικ?Espa?olEsperanto?????Fran?aisFryskGàidhligGalego?????????HrvatskiIdoBahasa IndonesiaíslenskaItaliano?????KiswahiliLatinaLatvie?uLietuvi?MagyarМакедонски???????????Bahasa MelayuNederlands????? ????日本語?Norsk (bokm?l)??Norsk (nynorsk)?Occitan????????????PolskiPortuguêsRoman?Runa SimiРусскийSimple EnglishSloven?inaSloven??inaСрпски / SrpskiSrpskohrvatski / СрпскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaTagalog????????Türk?eУкра?нськаTi?ng Vi?tV?roWinaray粵語中文 This page was last modified on 7 July 2010 at 03:44.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Collateral Warranty - Wikipedia, the free encyclop

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Collateral Warranty - Wikipedia,nike jordan, the free encyclopedia

Collateral WarrantyFrom Wikipedia,basket air jordan, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,nike basket,searchA collateral warranty is a contract which gives a third party rights collateral to rights in an existing contract entered into by two separate parties.For instance, an architect is appointed to design a block of flats for a developer. That developer intends to sell the block of flats to a Housing association. Due to Privity of contract the architect would normally only be contractually liable to the client should defects arise. The collateral warranty establishes a contractual relationship between the Housing association and the architect against defect.This article relating to law in the United Kingdom,mercurial vapor, or its constituent jurisdictions is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateral_Warranty"Categories: English contract law | United Kingdom law stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sourcesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 26 May 2010 at 12:57.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,air jordan, a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Projects working for peace among Arabs and Israeli

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Projects working for peace among Arabs and Israelis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Projects working for peace among Arabs and IsraelisFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchSign in front of the Galil school, a joint Arab-Jewish primary school in IsraelProjects working for peace among Arabs and Israelis have been operating for years in different fields.Contents1 Policy groups, foundations and projects1.1 Valley of Peace initiative1.2 Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce1.3 Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP)1.4 Aix Group1.5 Friends of the Earth Middle East1.6 Mejdi1.7 Peres Center for Peace2 Civil society groups2.1 McGill Middle East Program for Civil Society and Peace Building2.2 Community Advocate Mentor Program - Middle East2.3 Peace Settlers2.4 Ta'ayush Arab-Jewish Partnership3 Grassroots projects, joint projects and locally-based efforts3.1 Givat Haviva's Jewish-Arab Center for Peace3.2 Hewar Center for Peace and Development3.3 Green Action3.4 Olives of Peace3.5 Neve Shalom-Wahat Al-Salam (Oasis of Peace)3.6 Hamidrasha Jewish-Arab Beit Midrash3.7 Ir Shalem co-existence program3.8 Seeds of Peace4 Cultural and scientific works and groups4.1 Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization4.2 The West-Eastern Divan4.3 Comedy For Peace4.4 Tolerance Monument5 Educational efforts5.1 MEET - Middle East Education through Technology5.2 Hand in Hand Bilingual Arab-Jewish Schools5.3 The Institute for Circlework6 Political activists6.1 OneVoice, a project of the Peaceworks Foundation6.2 "Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice"6.3 The Abraham Fund6.4 Brit Tzedek v'Shalom6.5 Brit Shalom/Tahalof Essalam6.6 Israeli-Palestinian Confederation6.7 Combatants for Peace6.8 Jews for Israeli-Palestinian Peace6.9 Jews for Justice for Palestinians6.10 ICAHD Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions6.11 Sadaka Reut7 Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties8 Jewish-Muslim dialogue8.1 The American Jewish Committee8.2 Children of Abraham8.3 Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish Relations9 Nonviolent struggle9.1 Albert Einstein Institution10 The Unification Movement11 American Muslim leaders12 See also13 References14 External links[edit] Policy groups, foundations and projectsPart of the Israeli�Palestinian conflictand Arab�Israeli conflict seriesIsraeli�PalestinianPeace Process     Israel     West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights aNegotiating PartiesIsraelPalestiniansHistoryCamp David Accords ・  Madrid ConferenceOslo Accords / Oslo II ・  Hebron ProtocolWye River / Sharm el-Sheikh Memoranda2000 Camp David Summit ・  Taba SummitRoad Map ・  Annapolis ConferencePrimary Negotiation ConcernsFinal borders  ・  Israeli settlements ・  Refugees (Jewish, Palestinian)  ・  Security concernsStatus of Jerusalem  ・  WaterSecondary Negotiation ConcernsAntisemitic incitementsIsraeli West Bank barrier ・  Jewish statePalestinian political violencePlaces of worship  Current Leaders  Mahmoud AbbasSalam FayyadShimon PeresBenjamin NetanyahuInternational BrokersDiplomatic Quartet (   )Arab League ( )  ・    ・  Other ProposalsArab Peace Initiative ・  Elon Peace PlanLieberman Plan ・  Geneva Accord ・  HudnaIsrael's unilateral disengagement planIsrael's realignment planPeace-orientated projects ・  Peace Valley  ・  Isratin ・  One-state solution ・  Two-state solution ・  Three-state solution ・ Middle East economic integrationMajor projects, groups and NGOsPeace-orientated projects ・  Peace Valley  ・  Alliance for Middle East Peace ・  Aix Group ・  Peres Center for PeaceaThe Golan Heights are not part of the Israeli-Palestinian process.view ? talk ? edit[edit] Valley of Peace initiativeThe Valley of Peace initiative is an official joint effort of the Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian governments to promote economic cooperation, and new business initiatives which can help both sides work together, and create a better diplomatic atmosphere and better economic conditions. It constitutes a co-existence project, as it is mainly designed to foster efforts in the private sector, once governments provide the initial investment and facilities.[1]Joint economic cooperation between Israeli officials in Gilboa and Palestinian officials in Jenin has begun to have major results and benefits. In October 2009, a new project got underway promoting tourism and travel between the two areas. Major new business efforts and tourist attractions have been initiated in Jenin.[2] The two regions are planning a joint industrial zone which would bridge the border. Palestinians would produce locally-made handicrafts and sell them through Gilboa to other regions of the world. Another possible project is a joint language center, where Israelis and Palestinians would teach each other Arabic and Hebrew, as well as aspects of their cultural heritage. [3][edit] Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of CommerceThe Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce was founded in 2009. Its chairman is Eival Gilady, and its CEO is Ofir Gendelman. It has already held its first conference, at which Tony Blair was the keynote speaker. It is dedicated to promoting development of joint economic initiatives and businesses.[4][5][edit] Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP)The Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP) is a group which comprises over 70 leading non-governmental organizations which working to foster reconciliation between Israelis and Palestinians, as well as Arabs and Jews in the Middle East.[6]One of ALLMEP's proposals is an independent International Fund for Israeli-Palestinian Peace to support and encourage efforts to build peace in the region.[7][edit] Aix GroupThe Aix Group is a unique working group that researches, produces and disseminates position papers that seek to identify economic scenarios and propose economic recommendations, in order to promote win-win outcomes for Palestinians and Israelis.The group includes Israeli, Palestinian and International economic experts, academics, members of economic organizations,chaussure dunk, and officials from international institutions, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the European Union, who participate in the Aix Group in their personal capacities.[edit] Friends of the Earth Middle EastFriends of the Earth Middle East is an organization which brings together environmental activists from Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories, to work on common issues.[edit] MejdiMiddle East Justice and Development Initiatives (Mejdi) is a local grassroots Palestinian organization which was founded by Aziz Abu Sarah, a young Palestinian activist who seeks to advocate cooperation and reconciliation efforts. Mejdi seeks to promote dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians. one part of its peacemaking efforts is to promote local economic development, and strengthening of economic cooperation and Palestinian small businesses.[8] Abu Sarah has been consistently involved in a range of workshops and efforts in which he has promoted greater efforts towards reconciliation and dialogue between individual Israelis and Palestinians.[9][edit] Peres Center for PeacePeres Center for Peace was founded by Shimon Peres and carries out various policy analyses to advance efforts for peace.[edit] Civil society groupsMajor efforts doing broad initiatives to build civil society,mercurial pas cher, and not rooted to any specific locations or events.[edit] McGill Middle East Program for Civil Society and Peace BuildingA project developed under the Montreal Consortium for Human Rights Advocacy Training, in 1997 the McGill Middle East Program (MMEP) launched a number of store-front, community run, rights-based community practice (RBCP) centres to strengthen the poorest, most underprivileged communities in Jordan, Israel and Palestine. A select group of fellows from the three regions take part in year-long Canadian fellowship program, which incorporates a Masters of Social Work at McGill University with intensive peace building sessions between the fellows. Today, over 50 fellows have participated, returning to open and run 8 centres of the RBCP model to assist and empower over 110,000 mideast residents per year. With this success, plans are currently being developed to increase the program's capacity tenfold. More details of the program can be found here.[edit] Community Advocate Mentor Program - Middle EastInitiated in the Spring of 2007, the Community Advocate Mentor Program - Middle East is a five-year project of the International women's democracy center dedicated to facilitating dialogue and bolstering the diplomatic skills of Israeli and Palestinian women leaders in the community and government.[10]CAMP-ME targets women leaders with demonstrated backgrounds in peace and co-existence initiatives and brings them to Washington, DC where they share hotel rooms for their two-week program on Capitol Hill. There are several objectives of the program. Most importantly, CAMP-ME creates an environment removed from the conflict zone to foster dialogue and understanding between Israelis and Palestinians. CAMP-ME also provides valuable training for the women leaders to promote their agendas at home as well as giving US Congressional Members first-hand access to those who live in the conflict. The bi-partisan Congressional team for CAMP-ME has been led by Congresswoman Carolyn McCarthy.[edit] Peace SettlersFounded in 1993, Peace Settlers focuses on promoting a real, pragmatic dialogue between Jewish, Arab, Christian and other minority residents of The Land. With the understanding that a political solution to the Israel-Arab problem is not possible, the organization strives to make people understand that we are obligated to act first and foremost as human beings towards one another and seek accommodations which will enable people of all religions and nations live together in peace and respect towards the others' civil/civilian rights. The organization promotes the sanctity of life as one of the basic tenets of belief and action that should be common to all people of the earth.The movement was not as active after the Second Intifada made meetings between Israelis and Palestinians all but impossible. With Hamas now taking a position of leadership among the Palestinians, Chairman Cohen sees a possible breakthrough possible should Hamas repent and embrace the true will of G-d. [1][edit] Ta'ayush Arab-Jewish PartnershipFormed in the fall of 2000, Ta'ayush (Arabic for "coexistence") is a grassroots movement of Arabs and Jews working to break down the walls of racism and segregation. It engages in daily actions of solidarity to end the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and to achieve full civil equality for all Israeli citizens. Ta'ayush[edit] Grassroots projects, joint projects and locally-based effortsThese are groups who work primarily through local-based efforts on the ground, and creating actual joint events, rather than major policy initiatives. Also includes groups who promote joint economic efforts, projects and development.[edit] Givat Haviva's Jewish-Arab Center for PeaceGivat Haviva is an education, research and documentation center, founded in 1949 by Ha'Kibbutz Ha'Arzi Federation; it is located in the northern Sharon Valley of Israel. According to its website " The mission of Givat Haviva today is to cope with the major issues that are on the agenda of Israeli society, and to foster educational initiatives, research and community work in the fields of peace, democracy, coexistence, tolerance and social solidarity."Givat Haviva sponsors the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace. "Established in 1963, the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace is one of the oldest and most prominent institutions in its field. The common bond of the dozens of projects conducted in the Center is the struggle for better relations between Arabs and Jews, better understanding of the essence of democracy and citizens' rights in Israel, and building bridges with our Arab neighbors." One of the Center's leading dialogue projects is Face to Face. Givat HavivaHa'Kibbutz Ha'ArziJewish-Arab Center for PeaceGivat Haviva peace projectsFace to Face[edit] Hewar Center for Peace and DevelopmentThe Hewar Center for Peace and Development is a secular Palestinian non-profit, NGO. They were formerly known as the "Palestinian Peace Movement" (however, the name was recently changed due to confusion between their non-profit organization and other Arab peace groups who have no ties to them). The Arabic word "Hewar" means "dialogue", and the organization strongly believes that Peace can only be brought about through discussion.Hewar is headquartered in the Qalqilia/Azzun/Jayyus region of the West Bank (all three cities are surrounded and severely affected by the Wall). Hewar's very dedicated board of directors has gone to great lengths to become certified Peace Facilitators, learn Hebrew, and organize discussions between Palestinians and Israelis in neutral countries. They have an excellent track record of success with their Israeli-Palestinian dialogues, work closely with the Israeli group Neve Shalom-Wahat Al Salam (NSWAS), they also receive grant money through US-AID.Hewar has been working diligently on creating an English website to increase their exposure, but due to difficulty with communication (they've devoted their time to perfecting their Hebrew, not English), so the site is still in its beginning stages. However, an American counterpart is in the process of incorporating, and expects to receive tax exempt 501(c)3 status before the New Year. They also hope to complete an English website on the US group, which will of course include the successes of their Palestinian counterpart.[edit] Green ActionGreen Action is an Israeli non-governmental organization which advocates for environmental activism and social change [11], and has brought Fair Trade and organic Palestinian olive oil to the Israeli market.[12] Avi Levi, the director, travels frequently to the West Bank to work with Palestinian farmers, helping them set up and maintain cooperatives [13] and obtain organic and fair trade certification. The products are packaged under the SAHA label. SAHA is an acronym for Sachar Hogen, fair trade in Hebrew, and is also the Arabic word, Saha, meaning well-being or good health.[14]In addition to olive oil, the main agricultural product of Palestinians in the West Bank, Green Action also sells za'atar, dibbes, organic fruit jam, herbal infusion and pressed olives.[15] The olive oil is also sold in bulk worldwide including to Australia and the US. In the US,air jordan, Olive Branch Enterprises of Seattle, Washington buys Green Action in bulk and bottles it under the Peace Oil label.[16]The Green Action - SAHA Fair Trade WebsitePeace Oil[edit] Olives of PeaceOlives of Peace is a joint Israeli-Palestinian business venture to sell olive oil. Through this project, Israelis and Palestinians have carried out joint training sessions and planning. It has also led to Palestinian oil production being enriched by Israeli components.[17] It has produced olive oil which has been sold under the brand name "Olives of Peace." [18] This is related to Peace Oil (UK) and Peace Oil (USA).[edit] Neve Shalom-Wahat Al-Salam (Oasis of Peace)The Israeli Jewish-Israeli Muslim Village of Neve Shalom � Wā?at as-Salām (NSWAS) means "Oasis of Peace" in Hebrew and Arabic. NSWAS provides a remarkable model of longterm coexistence. Formed in 1970 on land donated by the Roman Catholic Church, NSWAS sits between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. They organize humanitarian projects, including providing medical assistance for Palestinians.They are also home to three schools, two for village and other area children, and they have a training facility called the School for Peace. The children's classes run from pre-school through Middle School and are all taught by both Muslims & Jews in their native languages. The School for Peace however is designed for adult Arabs and Jews from all over the area to learn about each other in controlled seminars run by trained Peace Facilitators.NSWAS has had many notable visitors over the years. Jimmy Carter, Hillary Clinton, and many others including Roger Waters (aka Pink Floyd) who has performed several benefit concerts in the small village urging Israel to "Tear Down the WALL!"An American branch recently incorporated under the name "American Friends of Neve Shalom" they are a non-profit 501(c)3 organization that raises funds in the US for NSWAS programs (similar support groups also exist in the EU, and elsewhere).[edit] Hamidrasha Jewish-Arab Beit MidrashHamidrasha, a center for study and fellowship, works to address alienation, estrangement, and mutual ignorance between Jews and Arabs. Hamidrasha is establishing an inter-cultural Beit Midrash (Hebrew, "House of study"), which will serve as a basis for mutual personal and communal encounters, and for the study of cultural narratives and modern texts of both peoples. Jewish, Muslim and Christian men and women will engage in a true inter-cultural learning experience, with the goal of making a significant contribution to the ongoing dialogue between Jews and Arabs, and strengthening their reciprocal ties.[edit] Ir Shalem co-existence programIn many ways the city of Jerusalem has been at the center of the conflict. The Israeli political movement Peace Now in 1994 has created an initiative called Ir Shalem, the goal of which is to build a peaceful equitable and inspiring future for this city, with Jewish and Arab citizens working together to find solutions based on equity and justice. This program brings together volunteer architects, planners, lawyers and other professionals to analyze problems, and offer solutions. Among other efforts, Ir Shalem is developing the first-ever planning model for East Jerusalem that will equitably meet the needs of the Palestinian community. Ir Shalem[edit] Seeds of PeaceSeeds of Peace was founded in 1993 by John Wallach after the first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City. He created the Seeds of Peace International Camp in Otisfield, Maine, USA, and brought together several dozen Israeli, Palestinian and Egyptian teens. The goal of his organization was to create a new generation of leadership in the Middle-East, one in which both Arabs and Israelis would no longer accept outdated and harmful stereotypes about each other. This would occur by bringing together both sides of conflict regions to literally put a human face on those who were previously perceived as an enemy.Since that time Arab children from Morocco, Qatar, Yemen, Jordan, Tunisia and several others have joined. Seeds of Peace camps now operate programs in the Middle East as well. Seeds of Peace has also branched out into bringing teenagers together to help resolve the Balkans conflict, the dispute over Cyprus, racial conflict in Maine and the Indian-Pakistani dispute. Seeds of Peace[edit] Cultural and scientific works and groups[edit] Israeli-Palestinian Science OrganizationThe Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization is a nongovernmental nonprofit established in 2004 to support collaborative research between scientists in Israel and Palestine. Founding members of IPSO include Nobel prize winning neuroscientist Torsten Wiesel.[19][edit] The West-Eastern DivanFounded in 1998 by Israeli-Argentinian pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim and Palestinian-American author Edward Said, the West-Eastern Divan (named after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) promotes a cultural dialogue between Israelis and Arabs. A principal activity is an orchestra composed mostly of young Israeli and Arab musicians, who are demonstrating the potential for collaboration between the two cultures on the universal ideas that are communicated by great classical music. They have performed throughout the world. Barenboim has also made this point by going into Palestinian areas and giving piano recitals and master classes.[edit] Comedy For PeaceComedy for Peace is a non-political effort to use humor to build trust, understanding and a vision for peace between Palestinians and Israelis.Comedy for Peace was conceived and is being organized by Ray Hanania, a Palestinian-American stand-up comedian � who is married to a Jewish woman. It is Ray’s hope that the power of comedy combined with the power of two peoples coming together on one stage will help Palestinians and Israelis find the courage to look past the pain and the suffering of the conflict and see each other as human beings, as partners and as people who have no other choice but to struggle together to achieve a lasting peace.[edit] Tolerance MonumentA Tolerance Monument sculpted by Czes?aw D?wigaj in collaboration with Michal Kubiak is situated on a hill marking the divide between Jewish Armon Hanatziv and Arab Jebl Mukaber, standing opposite the United Nations headquarters in Jerusalem in a park near Goldman Promenade. Unveiled in Jerusalem in 2008, it was funded by Polish businessman Aleksander Gudzowaty as a symbol to promote peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[20].[edit] Educational efforts[edit] MEET - Middle East Education through TechnologyMiddle East Education through Technology (MEET) is an innovative educational initiative aimed at creating a common professional language between Israeli and Palestinian youth. Working together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), MEET enables its participants to acquire advanced technological and leadership tools while empowering them to create positive social change within their own communities.Program founders Yaron Binur, Anat Binur, and Assaf Harlap became aware that many Israelis and Palestinians never get a chance to interact with one another on a personal level, even though they grow up and live a few short miles from one another. Inspired by their experiences of multicultural cooperation in international educational institutions, the founders decided that a fast-paced, intensive program in technology would be an ideal medium to bridge the divide. With this vision, they created MEET in the summer of 2004.MEET seeks excelling Palestinian and Israeli high school students; admission into the program is very competitive. Once admitted, students meet continuously for three years. Their first summer includes instruction in basic Java programming; this extends into the first yearlong segment of the program. The second summer includes more advanced topics in computer science and introduces a business and entrepreneurship curriculum. The program is capped by a long-term project beginning in the second yearlong segment and extending into a final summer term. Alumni activities maintain the student network after graduation.MEET graduates have been accepted into top universities in the region and abroad, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [21]. The skills and bonds of friendship forged by MEET students, combined with the students' natural talents, prepare them for a successful future of leadership, achievement, innovation, and cooperation.Aside from its partnership with MIT, MEET has been supported by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (which has donated lab space for the summer sessions since MEET's inception), Al-Quds University, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and other national and international organizations[22], as well as many individual volunteers from around the world. MEET's Website[edit] Hand in Hand Bilingual Arab-Jewish SchoolsHand in Hand's logoHand in Hand runs a network of four bilingual (Arabic and Hebrew) schools that serve more than 800 students in Jerusalem, the Galilee (Galil Jewish-Arab School), Wadi Ara (Hand in Hand "Gesher al HaWadi" School) and Be'er Sheva (the Hagar School). Half the students are Palestinian citizens of Israel, and the other half are Jewish citizens of Israel. Students study in both languages simultaneously, and plans call for an eventual expansion to the 12th grade.[23] To Hand in Hand's Website in English[edit] The Institute for CircleworkThe Institute for Circlework organizes workshops in Israel that unite Jewish and Arab women, with a particular focus on women leaders. The intention of these workshops is to awaken global consciousness, that is, the awareness of our commonality as members of the human family and of a single planetary community.Circlework is a method developed by a German-Jewish author and seminar leader, Jalaja Bonheim (www.jalajabonheim.com), which she has been practicing and teaching in the United States for 25 years, and in Israel since 2005. Circlework uses circle gatherings to create a field of open-heartedness and love powerful enough to heal individuals and communities. Circlework is based on the assumption that the root causes of violence and war lie within us, and that our own consciousness is where change must begin.The Institute for Circlework offered its latest series of circles in Israel during the Gaza war. To read an account, visit their web site.[edit] Political activistsGroups of political activists who work for peace through efforts based on political goals and measures. Includes some groups which are composed of activists from one side of the conflict, and some groups which include activists from both sides.[edit] OneVoice, a project of the Peaceworks FoundationAccording to their website "OneVoice is a global undertaking to: "Amplify the voice of moderates; Empower Palestinians and Israelis at the grass-roots level to seize back the agenda away from violent extremists; Achieve broad-based consensus on core issues, configuring a roadmap for conflict resolutions. OneVoice...was developed by over two hundred Palestinian, Israeli and international community leaders...dedicated to strengthen the voice of reason."This group rejects what they see as left-wing appeasement of Palestinian terrorism by leftist groups; they reach out to moderate liberal and centrist Israelis who want to advance the peace process; they reach out to Palestinian moderates who reject terrorism and suicide-bombings; they work to cultivate a moderate political leadership on both sides of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and are trying to pressure both the Israeli government and Palestinian Authority into reaching a just peace. One Voice: Silent No Longer One Voice FAQ[edit] "Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice"The Union of Reform Judaism, the congregational arm of American Reform Judaism, has created a project called Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice. According to their website, their goal is: "to educate and mobilize North American Jewry to support peace efforts and social justice causes in Israel.... This campaign will encourage the North American Jewish community to examine the risks and rewards of peace for Israel and the Palestinians, and to undertake critical, constructive public dialogue on the most pressing social issues facing Israel today ― including the status of Arab citizens of Israel and other minorities, as well as other issues of inequality and discrimination." Seeking peace, Pursuing Justice[edit] The Abraham FundAccording to their website, "The Abraham Fund Initiatives is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to promoting coexistence between the Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel. Through advocacy and awareness campaigns, and by sponsoring coexistence projects, The Abraham Fund Initiatives fosters increased dialogue, tolerance and understanding between Arabs and Jews...." The Abraham Fund[edit] Brit Tzedek v'ShalomBrit Tzedek v'Shalom, the Jewish Alliance for Justice and Peace, "is a national organization of American Jews committed to Israel's well-being through the achievement of a negotiated settlement to the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It believes the vast majority of Israelis and Palestinians long for an enduring peace and that security for Israel can only be achieved through the establishment of an economically and politically viable Palestinian state, necessitating an end to Israel's occupation of land acquired during the 1967 war and an end to Palestinian terrorism. Brit Tzedek believes that many American Jews share this perspective, but are reluctant to express themselves for fear they may bring harm to Israel and the Jewish people. Through education, advocacy, local chapter activities, and work with the media, it seeks to generate greater dialogue within the American Jewish community in order to direct U.S. foreign policy toward the realization of a just peace." Brit Tzedek v'Shalom[edit] Brit Shalom/Tahalof EssalamThe Jewish-Palestinian Peace Alliance consists of both Jewish and Palestinian peace activists working for reconciliation. It generally favors binational confederation or two-state coexistence, drawing upon fringe historical and contemporary movements as varied as Uri Avneri's pan-Semitism, Buberian Zionism, and even aspects of rightist Canaanism for inspiration. Contributors to its website include Gideon Levy, Doron Rosenblum, Avraham Burg, Batya Gur, Meron Benvenisti, Shahar Smooha, Yossi Sarid, David Grossman, Yitzhak Frankenthal, Tony Judt, Rabbi Arik Ascherman of Rabbis for Human Rights, Gilad Atzmon, and Baruch Kimmerling. Brit Shalom/Tahalof Essalam[edit] Israeli-Palestinian ConfederationThe Israeli-Palestinian Confederation Committee is a group of volunteers who joined together to create a mechanism for peace between the Israelis and Palestinians. Our members include Muslims, Jews and Christians from all walks of life. Our purpose is to facilitate a mechanism for Israelis and Palestinians to resolve conflicts in a fair and equitable manner. We take into consideration the existing reality. We do not aim to benefit one side over the other. We have a detailed plan to create a confederate government between the Israelis and Palestinians that would deal with the issues important to both sides. Furthermore, we believe that a confederate government can help both sides grow into the future without mutual destruction." Israeli-Palestinian Confederation Articles have been published in the The Jewish Journal, the Daily Bruin, and The Acorn. Audio of a January 22, 2007 radio interview by Sonali Kolhatkar with Josef Avesar can be heard at KPFK Archives[edit] Combatants for PeaceCombatants for Peace (Hebrew: ?????? ??????) is an organization of Israelis and Palestinians who are veterans of armed conflict, and have concluded that there can be no solution through violence. The Israeli members served as combat soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces, while the Palestinian members "were involved in acts of violence in the name of Palestinian liberation."The organization, founded in 2005, supports a two-state solution to the conflict. A statement on their website says, "We call for the establishment of a Palestinian State, alongside the State of Israel. The two states can exist in peace and security beside each other."[24][edit] Jews for Israeli-Palestinian PeaceJews for Israeli-Palestinian Peace (JIPF) is a small group founded in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982, for Swedish Jews who want to actively work towards a peaceful solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.JIPF's platform include demands for a full Israeli withdrawal, including the evacuation of the Jewish civilian population, from all territories that came under Israeli military control as a result of the Six-Day War, the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state with East Jerusalem as capital and a "solution" to the issue of the Palestinian refugees.JIPF also advocates and participates in dialogue with Hamas and other designated terrorist organizations.[edit] Jews for Justice for PalestiniansJews for Justice for Palestinians is a United Kingdom-based organisation of Jewish people who wish to support the rights of Palestinian people.[edit] ICAHD Israeli Committee Against House DemolitionsICAHD is a non-violent, direct-action group originally established to oppose and resist Israeli demolition of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories. As our activists gained direct knowledge of the brutalities of the Occupation, we expanded our resistance activities to other areas - land expropriation, settlement expansion, by-pass road construction, policies of "closure" and "separation," the wholesale uprooting of fruit and olive trees and more. The fierce repression of Palestinian efforts to "shake off" the Occupation following the latest Intifada has only added urgency to our efforts.As a direct-action group, ICAHD is composed of members of many Israeli peace and human rights organizations. All of our work in the Occupied Territories is closely coordinated with local Palestinian organizations.Since its founding, ICAHD's activities have extended to three interrelated spheres: resistance and protest actions in the Occupied Territories; efforts to bring the reality of the Occupation to Israeli society; and mobilizing the international community for a just peace.ICAHD[edit] Sadaka ReutFor years, Arab-Jewish relations in Israel have been tense and hostile. Israel’s declaration of independence and recognition as a Jewish state in 1948, providing a solution to the problem of the Jewish Diaspora and realizing the dream of the Zionist movement, was construed as a national catastrophe by the Palestinians, who lost their lands and properties and became one of the world’s largest refugee populations. Since then, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict passed through more and less violent phases, both sides never reaching an agreed-upon compromise that might end the conflict and ensure a better future for both peoples.Today, the complex relations between the Jewish majority and the Palestinian minority in Israel are affected on the one side by the civil inequalities that exist between citizens and on the other by the fact that the national conflict between Israelis and Palestinians has yet to be resolved. The events of the past years, whether it be the second Intifada, the Oct. 2000 killings by Israeli police of 13 Arab citizens, the building of the Wall, the evacuation of the Gaza settlements and the following violence and the war between Israel and Lebanon in summer 2006, have all contributed to increasing the prevalent trends of segregation and discrimination throughout both communities. The fact that the Palestinian population of Israel is considered to be the largest weakened sector of Israeli society considerably adds to the already existing tensions. Such circumstances fuel distrust and violence, making Arab-Jewish cooperation for the creation of a joint alternative nearly nonexistent, especially among the younger generation.At Sadaka-Reut, we believe that a broad bi-national struggle should be fought against all forms of discrimination and for complete civil equality within Israel, while a parallel struggle should seek to end the occupation and bring a just solution to the conflict. Sadaka Reut was founded in 1983 by a group of Jewish and Arab students sharing the vision of a better future for both communities. The organization works for social and political change in Israel through the promotion of a bi-national, multicultural and egalitarian society based on social justice and solidarity. Sadaka Reut focuses on youth education and community empowerment, looking to change attitudes on the long term by challenging the existing narratives and discourses concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and encouraging critical thinking and joint youth activism initiatives. In order to achieve these goals, we bring together groups of Jewish and Arab youth over extended periods of time, allowing them to overcome barriers of fears and stereotypes, while teaching them the importance of community involvement, providing them with valuable leadership skills and, through this process, creating a viable model for Jewish-Arab partnership.Sadaka Reut operates unique projects in Israel, including Arab-Jewish youth encounter and leadership groups, workshops in high schools across the country, a volunteer commune and leadership training program, community empowerment work in the mixed city of Jaffa and an annual volunteer work camp. All of our activities are designed both to train our activists as agents for social change and empower weakened communities from all sectors of society. Guided by our young, qualified and extremely committed staff and volunteers, our graduates continue working in the social change field, both at Sadaka Reut and in other organizations that promote similar values and goals. [www.reutsadaka.org][edit] Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treatiesParis Peace Conference, 1919Faisal-Weizmann Agreement (1919)1949 Armistice AgreementsCamp David Accords (1978)Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty (1979)Madrid Conference of 1991Oslo Accords (1993)Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace (1994)Camp David 2000 SummitPeace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflictProjects working for peace among Israelis and ArabsList of Middle East peace proposalsInternational law and the Arab-Israeli conflict[edit] Jewish-Muslim dialogue[edit] The American Jewish CommitteeWhile forcefully speaking out against Islamic anti-Semitism and anti-Israeli rhetoric, the American Jewish Committee (AJC) has worked since 1985 to enhance relations between Jews and Muslims. The AJC encourages and engages in dialogue on many levels with like-minded groups committed to fostering tolerance and cooperation.Their website states that "The American Jewish Committee has demonstrated a profound commitment to enhancing relations between Jews and Muslims, a vital part of its fundamental dedication to the promotion of interreligious understanding in the United States and around the world. Rejecting the inevitability of a "clash of civilizations," AJC has instead insisted on the possibility of a "community of civilizations" by encouraging dialogue on the highest levels with like-minded groups committed to fostering tolerance and cooperation. In so doing, we have achieved a number of breakthroughs in this vital arena. For well over a decade, AJC has dedicated itself to forging significant relationships with Arab and Muslim leaders around the world. AJC has traveled extensively in the Muslim world - from Morocco to Mauritania, through the Middle East and the Gulf states, to Indonesia. We have met with scores of Muslim leaders, including top officials of Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Tunisia, Bosnia, Kuwait, Qatar, Malaysia, and Indonesia,nike dunk, to discuss topics ranging from relations with Israel and the United States to the promotion of international Muslim-Jewish dialogue." Seeking to advance Jewish-Muslim relationsIn 1986 the AJC publicly condemned the murder by bomb attack of Alex Odeh (in Oct. 1985), a leader of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in Santa Ana, California. The AJC had a meeting with the Federal Bureau of Investigation director William Webster about this incident; they urged action to identify and punish those responsible for anti-Arab bigotry. In 1986 the AJC submitted testimony to the United States House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, on the topic of violence and discrimination towards Arab-Americans.In 1991, on the brink of the Allied war against Iraq, the AJC issued a statement warning the public not to engage in discrimination towards American Arabs or Muslims. In part, they stated, "We are ever mindful of what happened to Japanese-Americans as a result of war hysteria shortly after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. Some 120,000 Japanese-Americans, two-thirds of whom were American citizens, were evacuated and incarcerated in internment camps... without any evidence whatsoever that they were a threat to U.S. security. This must not happen again." (AJC statement by executive director David Harris)From 1992 to 1995 the AJC worked to lobby the United States government to intervene on behalf on Muslims in Bosnia.In 1993 the AJC sponsored the first national conference on "Muslims and Jews in North America: Past, Present and Future" with the Institute for Islamic-Judaic Studies at University of Denver in October. In 1994 they sponsored the second such conference. The third conference had to be canceled, when the AJC could not found Muslim partners who were willing to publicly condemn the current wave of terrorist attacks on Israel.In 1999 the AJC helped aid Muslims in Kosovo.In 2001 the AJC initiated a new project designed to advance understanding between Muslims and Jews by publishing two books: Children of Abraham: An Introduction to Judaism for Muslims, by Professor Reuven Firestone, a scholar of Islam at Hebrew Union College in Los Angeles, was written to describe Judaism to Muslims; Children of Abraham: An Introduction to Islam for Jews, by professor Khalid Duran, was written to describe Islam for Jews.[edit] Children of AbrahamChildren of Abraham seeks to build an international community of Muslim and Jewish youth that celebrates their religious identities. Through an engaging project involving a photographic exploration of Jewish and Muslim communities around the world, and honest, unflinching online dialogue, participants form a network of advocates and ambassadors for ground-breaking Muslim-Jewish relations in six continents.[edit] Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish RelationsIn July 2007 a new Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish Relations was opened in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is partly financed by a ￡1 million contribution from Richard Stone, a Jewish philanthropist. In the first instance its students they will study common areas between the two religions. Eventually work will extend into more controversial areas, including the Israel-Palestine question.[25][edit] Nonviolent struggle[edit] Albert Einstein InstitutionGene Sharp, senior scholar of the Albert Einstein Institution has written several books on the use of nonviolent struggle as a means for fighting dictatorship, war, occupation and invasion. In particular, his books on the use of nonviolent tactics as applied to the Arab-Israeli conflict offer a means for Palestinians to organize a nonviolent intifada that could be more effective in ending the Israeli occupation.PublicationsArabic Publications of the Albert Einstein Institution, includingThere Are Realistic Alternatives (English, Arabic)From Dictatorship to Democracy (English, Arabic)The Intifada and Nonviolent Struggle (Arabic)The Role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle (Arabic)[edit] The Unification MovementReverend Sun Myung Moon has initiated several peace projects attempting to defuse hostilities between Muslims, Jews and Christians. In 2003 28 clergy from the United States toured Gaza in September 2003, despite the American Consulate's warnings of rocket attacks. They were warmly welcomed by local Muslim clerics.[edit] American Muslim leadersImam Feisal Abdul Rauf, imam of Masjid al-Farah in New York City and founder of the American Sufi Muslim Association (ASMA) Society.Khalid Abou El Fadl, UCLA law professor, works with Jewish and Christian groups to promote inter-faith cooperation and dialogue.[edit] See alsoIsraeli peace campReligious pluralismPeace processBimkomTrade Unions Linking Israel and PalestineMiddle East economic integration[edit] References^ A Mideast Valley of Peace, by Jennifer L. Schenker Businessweek article, May 29, 2008.^ Jenin now open to Arab-Israeli and foreign tourists, By RON FRIEDMAN,mercurial nike, jpost.com, 10/9/09.^ Mutually assured prosperity, By RON FRIEDMAN, jpost.com, 10/15/09.^ Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce, Peres Center for Peace.^ Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce website.^ [http://www.allmep.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:allmep-grows-to-over-70-organizations&catid=11:newsallmep&Itemid=25 ALLMEP Grows to Over 70 Organizations news, ALLMEP news, Thursday, 29 October 2009. ]^ 20009 ALLMEP Summit, group website.^ Mejdi website; Our Philosophy, accessed 12/25/09.^ To Fatah and back, By LAUREN GELFOND FELDINGER, jpost.com, Nov 19, 2009.^ International women's democracy center [International women's democracy center]^ Green Action is About Environmental and Social Change, By KAREN CHERNICK, Greenprophet.com, 7/1/2008^ Fair Trade In Israel, By KARIN KLOOSTERMAN, Treehugger.com, 6/7/06.^ Green Action Events: The SAHA Project Takes Off, Greenprophet.com, 12/10/2008^ The Official Website of Green Action - SAHA Fair Trade Fairtrade.org.il^ The Official Website of Green Action - SAHA Fair Trade Fairtrade.org.il^ Peace Oil Lubricates Cooperation Between Israelis and Palestinians By DAVID SOKAL, Culture of Peace News Network^ “Israel-Palestinian cooperation a decision that makes sense from the economic point of view”, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) a political foundations in germany for Mideast dialogue and cooperaton, Oct. 26, 2008.^ New joint Israeli-Palestinian olive oil brand launched, Ynet news, Published: 03.20.07.^ "Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization". http://www.ipso-jerusalem.org/. ^ KERSHNER, Isabel (2008-10-17). "Symbol of Peace Stands at Divide Between Troubled Jerusalem's East and West". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/18/world/middleeast/18jerusalem.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=tolerance%20monument&st=cse&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-10-18. ^ Article about first MEET alumnus admitted to MIT^ Partial list of MEET's supporters^ Eli Ashkenazi, "The Jew comes to learn from the Arab - and it works," Ha'aretz English Edition (Israel), September 21, 2005.^ Combatants For Peace website^ The Times, June 28, 2007 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article1996488.ece[edit] External linksCentre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish RelationsThe Novel Catalyst for the Jerusalem Solution A website explaining why one school for the children of the Israeli and Palestinian governments might be the missing piece needed to achieve a lasting solutionAmerican Jewish Committee - Seeking to advance Jewish-Muslim relationsPBS interview with Feisal Abdul RaufA Call to bridge the Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, by Feisal Abdul RaufKhalid Abou El Fadl condemns terrorist attacks as not being true Jihad, and calls them Hirabah, terrorismCreating Peace at the Grass Root Level.The Intifada and Nonviolent Struggle - ArabicCommon Ground, a private view on the peace processWhere is the Palestinian peace camp? BBC News 28 May 2007Jewish-Muslim Relations: Using Qur'anic Narratives in Pursuit of Peace Qantara.de, 9 April 2010Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projects_working_for_peace_among_Arabs_and_Israelis"Categories: Judeo-Islamic topics | Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli�Palestinian peace process | Human rights organizations based in Israel | Political organizations in Israel | Israeli�Palestinian conflict | Israeli�Palestinian peace effortsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 29 June 2010 at 16:14.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Variable-message sign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Variable-message signFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchSign over Interstate 94 in Saint Paul, Minnesota,nike jordan, advising of a road blockage during a winter storm.An early style of VMS is still in use on the New Jersey Turnpike.Europe's largest Dynamic Route Guidance System Nuremberg, Germany.A variable- (also changeable-,[1] electronic-, or dynamic-) message sign, often abbreviated VMS, CMS, or DMS, and in the UK known as a matrix sign,[2] is an electronic traffic sign often used on roadways to give travelers information about special events. Such signs warn of traffic congestion, accidents, incidents, roadwork zones, or speed limits on a specific highway segment. In urban areas, VMS are used within parking guidance and information systems to guide drivers to available car parking spaces. They may also ask vehicles to take alternative routes, limit travel speed, warn of duration and location of the incidents or just inform of the traffic conditions.A complete message on a panel generally includes a problem statement indicating incident, roadwork, stalled vehicle etc; a location statement indicating where the incident is located; an effect statement indicating lane closure, delay, etc and an action statement giving suggestion what to do traffic conditions ahead. These signs are also used for AMBER Alert and Silver Alert messages.In some places, VMSes are set up with permanent, semi-static displays indicating predicted travel times to important traffic destinations such as major cities or interchanges along the route of a highway.On the interchange of I-5 and SR 120 in San Joaquin County, California, an automated visibility and speed warning system was installed in 1996 to warn traffic of reduced visibility due to fog (where Tule fog is a common problem in the winter), and of slow or stopped traffic.VMSes were deployed at least as early as the 1960s. The current VMS systems are largely deployed on freeways or trunk highways.Typical messages provide the following information:Crashes, including vehicle spin-out or rolloverStalls affecting normal flow in a lane or on shouldersNon-recurring congestion,mercurial pas cher, often a residual effect of cleared crashClosures of an entire roadDownstream exit ramp closuresDebris on roadwayVehicle firesShort-term maintenance or construction lasting less than three daysPavement failure alertsAMBER Alerts and weather warnings via the warning infrastructure of NOAA Weather Radio's SAME systemTravel timesVariable speed limitsThe information comes from a variety of traffic monitoring and surveillance systems. It is expected that by providing real-time information on special events on the oncoming road, VMS can improve vehicles' route selection, reduce travel time, mitigate the severity and duration of incidents and improve the performance of the transportation network.Contents1 Portable variable-message signs2 See also3 References4 External links[edit] Portable variable-message signsTruck-mounted VMSes are sometimes dispatched by highway agencies such as Caltrans to warn traffic of incidents such as accidents in areas where permanent VMSes aren't available or near enough as a preventative measure for reducing secondary accidents. They are often deployed in pairs so that the second VMS truck can take over when the traffic queue overtakes the first truck, forcing the first truck to circle around and mobilize itself further upstream from the queue where it is effective. An optional third truck, the team leader, may be utilized for driving by and monitoring the incident itself, traffic patterns and delay times, in order to make strategic decisions for minimizing delays―analogous to spotter planes used in fighting forest fires.Trailer-mounted variable-message signs are used to alter traffic patterns near work zones, and for traffic management for sporting events,basket air jordan, natural disasters, and other temporary changes in normal traffic patterns. The messages displayed on the sign can be programmed locally on the unit's control panel, or units equipped with a cellular modem can be programmed remotely via computer or phone. Most manufacturers produce trailers which comply with the National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol (NTCIP) which allows the portable trailer to be integrated with an intelligent transportation system. Trailer-mounted VMS can be equipped with radar, cameras, and other sensing devices as part of a smart work zone deployment.Sign on Interstate 880 (California) in Oakland, California.Variable message sign warns "Avoid London - Area Closed - Turn On Radio" following the 7 July 2005 London bombings.Europe's largest Dynamic Route Guidance System Nuremberg, Germany.[edit] See alsoDaktronicsFlip-disc displayRadar speed sign[edit] References^ 616.3 Changeable Message Signs (CMS) - Engineering Policy Guide^ The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 1994, Office of Public Sector Information, 1994, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1994/Uksi_19941519_en_2.htm#mdiv36, retrieved 2008-04-05 [edit] External linksChangeable Message Sign Operation and Messaging Handbook. Operations Office of Travel Management, Federal Highway Administration, August 2004. Retrieved 2009-12-07.v ? d ? eTraffic signsSignsWarning sign ・  Regulatory sign ・  Priority to the right ・  Yield sign ・  Stop sign ・  Prohibitory traffic sign ・  One-way traffic ・  Speed limit (by country) ・  Advisory speed limit ・  Mandatory sign ・  Special regulation sign ・  Information sign ・  Direction,chaussure dunk, position, or indication sign ・  Variable-message sign ・  Bilingual sign ・  Comparison of European traffic signsBy countryAustria ・  Brazil ・  Czech Republic ・  Finland ・  Greece  ・ Iceland ・  India ・  Iran ・  Ireland ・  Israel ・ Italy ・  Malaysia ・  Netherlands ・  Norway ・  Poland ・  Singapore ・  South Korea ・  Sweden ・  Thailand ・  United Kingdom (Scotland) ・  United States ・LightsTraffic lightTypefacesClearview ・  DIN 1451 ・  Drogowskaz ・  FHWA Standard Alphabets for Traffic Control Devices ・  Frutiger ・  Caractères (typeface) ・  NPS Rawlinson Roadway ・  Trafikkalfabetet ・  Transport ・  TratexConventionsGeneva Convention on Road Traffic ・  Vienna Convention on Road Traffic ・  Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals ・  Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ・  Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-message_sign"Categories: Traffic signsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDeutschNederlands This page was last modified on 17 April 2010 at 06:19.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,chaussure mercurial, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Saints Constantine and Helena, Bulgaria - Wikipedi

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Saints Constantine and Helena,nike mercurial, Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saints Constantine and Helena,air jordan pas cher, BulgariaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchCoordinates: 43°13′45″N 28°0′30″E? / ?43.22917°N 28.00833°E? / 43.22917; 28.00833Sts. Constantine and Helena monasterySaints Constantine and Helena (Bulgarian: Св. св. Константин и Елена) is a resort town on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast within a landscaped park 10 km north of downtown Varna,basket air jordan, 2 km east of its Vinitsa quarter, and 7 km south of Golden Sands. Bulgaria's oldest Black Sea resort was also known in the past as Druzhba (Дружба) and Varna Resort (Курорт Варна). It is served by the Varna International Airport and bus lines of the Varna public transit system.Landmarks include the 16th-century Eastern Orthodox monastery of Sts. Constantine and Helena, the Euxinograd royal summer palace, park and winery, and the Sofia University Botanical Garden, also known as Ecopark Varna. One of the best preserved medieval settlements in the country, Kastritzi, also mentioned by the Crusaders in 1444 as Macropolis, was unearthed in archaeological excavations inside Euxinograd. In the mid-14th century, Kastritzi was a bustling port of the Second Bulgarian Empire frequented by Venetian,nike shox, Genoese, Ragusan,mercurial nike, and Byzantine merchant ships. [1]Constantine and Helena also comprises the Grand Hotel Varna and Sunny Day luxury resorts and several villa communities. There are sandy beaches, punctured by rocky promontories, hot mineral springs, modern hotels, and sports and health facilities, including spa centres and yacht marinas.[edit] GalleryWaterfront of Saints Constantine and HelenaGrand Hotel VarnaHotel AzaliaBeachWikimedia Commons has media related to: Saints Constantine and Helena[edit] References^ "Златни перпери под царския дворец" (in Bulgarian). Стандарт. 2006-03-18. http://standartnews.com/archive/2006/03/18/supplement/s4738_7.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-05. v ? d ? eBulgarian Black Sea resortsDobrujan Black Sea coast(Northern coast, Dobrich Province)Albena ・  Alen Mak ・  Balchik ・  Balchishka Tuzla ・  Balgarevo ・  Bolata ・  Bozhurets ・  Dobruja ・  Kaliakra ・  Kamen Briag ・  Karvuna ・  Kavarna ・  Kosmos ・  Kranevo ・  Krapets ・  Rogachevo ・  Rusalka ・  Shabla ・  Topola ・  Tyulenovo ・  YaylataMoesian Black Sea coast(Central coast, Varna Province)Asparuhovo ・  Briz ・  Byala ・  Chaika ・  Chernomorets ・  Golden Sands ・  Emona ・  Euxinograd ・  Fichoza ・  Galata ・  Irakli (Burgas Province) ・  Kabakum ・  Kamchia (resort) ・  Kara Dere ・  Luna ・  Obzor (Burgas Province) ・  Pasha Dere ・  Prostor ・  Rakitnika ・  Rai ・  Riviera ・  Romantika ・  Constantine and Helena ・  Shkorpilovtsi ・  Sunny Day ・  Trakata ・  VarnaThracian Black Sea coast(Southern coast, Burgas Province)Agalina ・  Alepu ・  Aheloy ・  Ahtopol ・  Arapia ・  Arkutino ・  Atia ・  Begliktash ・  Burgas ・  Chernomorets ・  Chervenka ・  Dyuni ・  Evropa ・  Gradina ・  Kavatsite ・  Kiten ・  Kolokita ・  Koral ・  Kosharitsa ・  Kraimorie ・  Lazurno More ・  Lozenets ・  Nesebar ・  Nestinarka ・  Perla ・  Pomorie ・  Primorsko ・  Raiski Zaliv ・  Ravda ・  Rezovo ・  Robinzon ・  Ropotamo ・  Sarafovo ・  Silistar ・  Sinemorets ・  Smokinya ・  Sozopol ・  Sunny Beach ・  St. Anastasia Island ・  St. Cyricus Island ・  St. Ivan Island ・  Stomoplo ・  St. Peter Island ・  St. Thomas Island ・  Sveti Vlas ・  Tsarevo ・  Veselie ・  Varvara ・  Zlatna RibkaTourism in BulgariaThis Varna Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saints_Constantine_and_Helena,_Bulgaria"Categories: Seaside resorts in Bulgaria | Varna Province | Bulgarian Black Sea Coast | Bulgaria geography stubsHidden categories: Articles containing Bulgarian language textPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesБългарскиSvenska This page was last modified on 22 May 2010 at 20:43.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Think about Automotive Sales Training_3604

09:41, 1389/4/24 

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   Think about Automotive Sales Training

   Automotive sales training is the one thing that we all think
we have enough of until we get more. That's right no matter
how good you are today, you can always become better. And
once we do get a little bit better or learn a new technique
it is normally pretty easy to reflect back on the deals that
we have worked in the not so distant past and think, "Wow, If
I had only known this last week when I was with "Mr. & Mrs
__________, I probably would have sold them a car.

This is why this column will be dedicated solely to the purpose
of examining different aspects and situations that occur during
the process of a car deal. Each month we will look either at a
new method for contending with the obstacles that we all face
in the day to day process or we will brush up on old techniques
regarding the automotive sales process.

I am sure every automotive salesperson reading this article
has encountered the customer that came to their dealership
looking for a certain vehicle, requiring specific "must have"
options yet was strapped by a budget that was several hundred
dollars a month away from anything that could be considered 
reasonable,ralph lauren pas cher, at least considering the demands the customer is
making. And after our best attempt to find them the vehicle
that meets all of their requirements,ralph lauren soldes, in the hope that they
will adjust their thinking when it comes down to their less
than reasonable budget, we find that they are not flexible at
all. That's right, they want a brand new, seven passenger,Polo Ralph Lauren, 
leather appointed, suv for $300 a month. And if we can't get
it for them then they are just going to shop until they find 
someone who can. Or so they say. But what they will really shop
for is someone who can sell them on the idea of buying something
that fits their needs just as well as what they are requesting 
but is more in line with their budget - possibly a previously 
owned suv or maybe even a minivan.

That's right; they are going to buy from the first salesperson
that is capable of realigning their thinking. By realigning
their thinking I mean they need to be "switched". Many 
salespeople I witness think this means that they should go 
back to their customer and ask,poloshirt, "Hey,lacoste polo, what about a used one?"
or "What about a minivan instead of an suv?" If you have been
in the business for more than a day you know that the customer
normally responds by saying "No" to these two questions. Asking
your customer to buy something other than what they initially 
asked for is at best, a feeble attempt to switch them and 
definitely does not exhibit any salesmanship.

At this point you need to lead your customer. You need to become
a salesperson. You need to share with them the benefits in order
to help them realign their thinking. Below are the steps to take
if you are trying to switch your customer.

* Determine which vehicle to switch to first (preferably 
something that is close to what they are looking for yet more
in line with their budget)

* Ask your customer to come with you for a moment (don't ask
them if they would like to look at something else)

* Take them to the vehicle that you want to switch them to.

* Then present all of the benefits of the vehicle you are 
trying to switch them to.

By taking the extra time to actually take your customer out
and show them a vehicle that suits their needs (and is in
line with their budget) you will increase your chances of 
selling them. Once you have taken these steps to switch them
from one car to another one of three things will happen.

* They will consider the vehicle you have shown them (And 
hopefully buy it)

* They will reconsider their budget on the vehicle they 
originally expressed an interest in and hopefully increase
their offer enough that you can sell them it.

* They will not consider the option you are giving them and
leave without purchasing. (However you will have more to talk
about on the follow up phone call)

Sure to many of you this may seem pretty basic. To me it is
too. But remember that next time you want to just ask your
customer to consider another vehicle rather than taking control
and leading your customer to an alternative vehicle for them to
purchase.











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Only Two Ways to Grow Your Business_758

09:40, 1389/4/24 

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